34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34) - Singapore, Singapore - 2026

https://doi.org/10.24928/2026/0291

Integrating metaverse-based training frameworks for concrete 3D printing construction

Mohamed Ait Gacem1 & Saleh Abu Dabous2

1Research Assistant, Sustainable Civil Infrastructure Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-9162
2Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-2331

Abstract

Concrete three-dimensional printing (3DCP) is transforming construction by improving automation, efficiency, and design flexibility. Yet its adoption is hindered by the complexity of integrating cyber–physical systems, which often leads to training inefficiencies, material waste, and unreliable workflows. From a Lean Construction perspective, effective implementation requires zero-waste learning environments, reliable process rehearsal, and continuous skill development. This paper presents a Lean-oriented metaverse-based training method that supports immersive, simulation-driven learning for concrete 3D printing. The method combines digital twins, interactive environments, and virtual production rehearsal to enable safe experimentation without material consumption. Training modules cover hardware familiarization, printer setup, software design workflows, and preventive maintenance, emphasizing flow reliability and the long-term performance impacts of operational decisions. By validating procedures before physical execution, the method reduces rework, improves predictability, and supports continuous improvement. Results show that metaverse-based Lean training enhances experiential learning, strengthens systems understanding, and enables zero-waste process optimization. A validation survey showed that 68.5%–90.7% of participants rated the method as better or much better than conventional training approaches across all evaluated constructs. The proposed approach demonstrates how immersive technologies can align advanced construction methods with Lean principles to improve efficiency, reliability, and sustainable adoption of 3D printing in construction.

Keywords

Concrete 3D Printing (C3DP), metaverse, digital twin, lean construction, training.

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Reference in APA 7th edition format:

Gacem, M. A. & Dabous, S. A.. (2026). Integrating metaverse-based training frameworks for concrete 3D printing construction. In Hamzeh, F., Poshdar, M., & Garcia-Lopez,, N. P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 34) (pp. 283–293). https://doi.org/10.24928/2026/0291

Shortened reference for use in IGLC papers:

Gacem, M. A. & Dabous, S. A.. (2026). Integrating metaverse-based training frameworks for concrete 3D printing construction. IGLC34. https://doi.org/10.24928/2026/0291

 

Founded in 1993, the IGLC is an international network of researchers from practice and academia in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) who feel that the practice, education, and research of the AEC industry have to be radically renewed in order to respond to the global challenges ahead.

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