TY  - CONF
TI  - What Types of Problem-Solving are Used in the Last Planner System?
C1  - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan
C3  - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33)
SP  - 448
EP  - 458
PY  - 2025
DO  - 10.24928/2025/0217
AU  - Bølviken, Trond
AU  - Skaar, John
AU  - Kalsaas, Bo Terje
AU  - Koskela, Lauri
AD  - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder,  N4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 
AD  - PhD Student/Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences,  University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, john.skaar@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-00032290-2374 
AD  - Professor emeritus, Dr. Ing., Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences,  University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-43831683 
AD  - Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia,  lauri.koskela@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281
ED  - Seppänen, Olli 
ED  - Koskela, Lauri 
ED  - Murata , Koichi 
AB  - The paper presents the framework of Four Types of Problems, published by Art Smalley in 2018, and uses the framework to discuss how problems are solved in the Last Planner System. A problem is defined as any outcome other than the desired performance at any given time. The framework categorizes problems and problem-solving into four distinct types: Troubleshooting, Gap from Standard, Target Condition and Open-ended. The first two types are about maintaining a current standard (to reach the bar), while the two latter are about raising the standard (to raise the bar). The paper finds that Troubleshooting is in fact a dominant way of solving problems in the Last Planner System. Given that Last Planner is generally held to be a pro-active planning approach where tasks are being made ready for execution, this might seem surprising. Among other things, the reason lies in the project-based nature of construction.
KW  - Problems
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Last Planner.
PB  - 
T2  - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33)
DA  - 2025/06/02
CY  - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan
L1  - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2383/pdf
L2  - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2383
N1  - Export Date: 02 June 2025
DB  - IGLC.net
DP  - IGLC
LA  - English
ER  -