TY  - CONF
TI  - Paradoxes in Integrated Project Delivery
C1  - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan
C3  - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33)
SP  - 25
EP  - 36
PY  - 2025
DO  - 10.24928/2025/0188
AU  - Nwajei, Una Obiose Kriston
AU  - Bølviken, Trond
AU  - Hellström, Magnus Mikael
AD  - P.h.D Student, Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Jon Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad,  Norway, una.nwajei@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-4430 
AD  - Professor, Department of Working Life and Innovation, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, Jon  Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 
AD  - Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Åbo, Finland,  Magnus.Hellstrom@abo.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-0503
ED  - Seppänen, Olli 
ED  - Koskela, Lauri 
ED  - Murata , Koichi 
AB  - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a delivery model that has attracted increasing interest in both academia and industry over the past decade or so. It is based on enforced collaboration through a multi-party agreement, sharing risks and opportunities, common decision-making, co-location, and other means. There are fundamental paradoxes embedded in any project delivery model, and the ones related to IPD seem to be underexplored. Paradoxes are contradictory yet interrelated elements that exist simultaneously and persist over time. Because there is no unambiguous right or wrong solution to a paradoxical problem, it has to be resolved by balancing the considerations in question. This implies that the solution will always be contextual and that it can always be disputed. This empirically inspired conceptual paper identifies nine paradoxes grouped into four paradox themes that are central to IPD: relational dynamics, misaligned expectations, strategic dilemmas, and project implementation challenges. Through the examination of these paradoxes, we discuss and identify the inherent challenges in the adoption of IPD.
KW  - Integrated Project Delivery
KW  - Paradox theory
PB  - 
T2  - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33)
DA  - 2025/06/02
CY  - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan
L1  - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2363/pdf
L2  - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2363
N1  - Export Date: 02 June 2025
DB  - IGLC.net
DP  - IGLC
LA  - English
ER  -