TY - CONF TI - Impacts of Prefabrication on Construction Workers’ Wellbeing: a Case Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 729 EP - 738 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0100 AU - Sharma, Vishal AU - Mah, Don AU - Sharma, Neetu AU - Al-Hussein, Mohamed AU - Bouferguene, Ahmed AU - Yu, Haitao AD - Instructor, J.R. Shaw School of Business, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, Canada, vishals@nait.ca, orcid.org/0009-0004-9617-7640 AD - Instructor, Construction Engineering Technology, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, Canada, dmah@nait.ca, https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5954-9273 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting and Finance, MacEwan University, Canada, sharman52@macewan.ca, orcid.org/0009-0001-4723-4862 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, malhussein@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-9718 AD - Professor, Campus Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, ahmedb@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-6620 AD - Research and Development director, Landmark Group of Companies, Canada, haitaoy@landmarkgroup.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-4867 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Industrial Revolution had lasting impacts on our social structures as well as on the built environment. The paradigm shift from a mostly agrarian society dominated by agricultural activities outdoors within a rural setting to working in an indoor environment within an urban setting has radically changed the way of life for individuals, families, and communities around the world. However, until recently, industrialization had not transformed the construction sector to the extent that is had other industrial sectors. Due to advances in modular construction, though, the construction sector is beginning to see transformation, bringing with favourable impacts on the construction workforce. Prefabrication has improved safety in construction; improved the lifestyle of workers by reducing fatigue and short-term and long-term disability claims; lowered the barriers to increased participation of women in the workforce; and enabled those less highly skilled to enter the construction job market. This paper systematically analyzes these trends in reference to a case study of the transformation of a large residential builder from traditional on-site construction to factory-based panelized construction. KW - Industrial Revolution KW - prefabrication KW - construction industry KW - worker well-being KW - culture and change. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2304/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2304 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Optimized Cycle-time Flow Batching: Enhanced Performance in Project Portfolio Management C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 540 EP - 550 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0101 AU - Gabai, Doron S. AU - Haronian, Eran AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Miera, Mark K. AU - Cloyd, Tabitha D. AU - Wong, Nicah AD - PMP, PgMP, LCI Israel Chairman, Strategic Planner, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. doron.gabai@intel.com, https://www.lci-israel.org/, AD - Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel, eranha@ariel.ac.il AD - Professor, Virtual Construction Laboratory, Faculty of Civil and Env. Eng. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, cvsacks@technion.ac.il, orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-5053 AD - PMP, Senior Director of Construction, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. mark.k.miera@intel.com AD - Director of Construction, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. tabitha.d.cloyd@intel.com AD - OCF PM for Central Tool Install, Intel Corporation, AZ Construction, USA. nicah.wong@intel.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - As organizations in the AEC industry increasingly work within multi-project environments, there is an urgent need for lean Project Portfolio Management (PPM) strategies to ensure effective project prioritization, resource management, and alignment with organizational goals. While lean construction approaches have been proven effective at the single-project level, they do not address portfolio issues, such as flow of trades between projects and strategic prioritization across multiple projects. This study introduces and discusses the project grouping considerations of Optimized Cycle-Time Flow (OCF), a pull-based methodology designed to enhance portfolio performance by grouping projects into manageable batches based on trades’ demonstrated capabilities and customers priorities. By optimizing the mixture, sequence and timing of batches, this approach leads to improved alignment with organizational priorities. Using a comparative analysis between two semiconductor plant project portfolios, each comprising hundreds of projects, the study demonstrates the effects of OCF Batching: stabilization of WIP levels, reduction of individual projects’ cycle times, and enhanced overall portfolio performance. The findings validate OCF as a powerful lean approach for PPM and suggest that it can enhance efficiency for project-based organizations. KW - Batching KW - Optimized Cycle-Time Flow (OCF) KW - Production Planning and Control KW - Project Portfolio Management KW - Strategy PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2305/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2305 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Leveraging Multi-agent System Powered by Large Language Model to Improve Transparency and Reliability in Automated Supply Chain Coordination C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 681 EP - 692 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0102 AU - Zhao, Xianxiang AU - Kuang, Wenyi AU - Kim, Yong-Woo AD - Ph.D. Student, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, seanzhao@uw.edu, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8378-0644 2 Researcher, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA, kuang.w@northeastern.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 3 Professor, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, yongkim@uw.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-0700 AD - Researcher, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA, kuang.w@northeastern.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, yongkim@uw.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-0700 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lack of transparency and information reliability in supply chain management have been persistent challenges. Based on the LangChain and LangGraph frameworks, this research proposed a Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent System (MAS) specifically designed to enhance information reliability and transparency in construction supply chain coordination. A prototype system composed of multiple autonomous agents was designed and developed capable of working collaboratively, sharing information, and supporting decision-making. The system comprises Supplier Agents and General Contractor Agents capable of engaging in natural language interactions. These agents coordinate the supply chain by facilitating communication about material deliveries and project progress. The prototype demonstrated the potential of LLM-based MAS in improving supply chain transparency and reliability. This research not only validated the feasibility of applying large language models in automated supply chain coordination but also offered insights for the design and implementation of future systems. KW - Lean construction KW - Supply Chain Coordination KW - Large Language Model KW - Multi Agent System. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2306/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2306 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Team Health: a Pulse Check and Prescription for the Collective Learning Tool C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1298 EP - 1308 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0105 AU - Muños, Anthony AU - Cleary, John AD - DPR Construction, San Diego, CA, USA. anthonym@dpr.com AD - DPR Construction, Newport Beach, CA, USA. johncl@dpr.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper provides an observation of a Southern California Integrated Project Delivery healthcare project in its use of the Team Health Assessment. This is a tool that DPR Construction has iteratively developed to identify, measure, and monitor team culture in the delivery of a lean construction project. The authors of this paper present three case examples of how the Team Health Assessment has been successfully used to identify and provide measure to subjective indices of one project’s performance. Each case example provides a non-statistical correlative observation of indicative trends and how the awareness of these trends was then used to better optimize stakeholder purpose. The discussion concludes with identifying opportunities to further disseminate, utilize, and develop the Team Health Assessment through more traditional project delivery methods. KW - Language action perspective KW - benefits realization KW - people KW - culture KW - collective learning. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2307/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2307 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring a Lean Informed Framework for Reducing Construction and Demolition Waste in Zimbabwe C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1185 EP - 1196 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0106 AU - Maponga, Kurauwone AU - Emuze, Fidelis AU - Smallwood, John AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Construction Management, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa, kmaponga@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-9635 AD - Research Associate, Department of Construction Management, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa, Fidelis.Emuze@mandela.ac.za. ORCID.org/0000- 0001-7714-4457 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Management, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa, John.Smallwood@mandela.ac.za. ORCID.org/0000- 0003-1726-1525 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The inadequate minimization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in Zimbabwe created a need for a framework that combines Lean Construction (LC) and Construction 5.0. This paper thus develops guidelines and a conceptual framework for the minimization of CDW in Zimbabwe through LC and Construction 5.0. A critical review of the LC and Construction 5.0 literature was conducted to extract the most effective ways of integrating the two principles. A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the most effective techniques for the framework. The frameworks show that certain pillars of Construction 5.0 (human centricity, sustainability, and resilience) and LC (Kaizen, Last Planner System, Just-In-Time, and Standardisation) have the potential for making a difference in the reduction of CDW in Zimbabwe. KW - Construction 5.0 KW - Construction waste KW - Demolition waste KW - Lean Construction KW - Waste KW - Zimbabwe PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2308/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2308 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Building the Capabilities for Takt Production Performance Measurement C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 400 EP - 411 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0107 AU - Riekki, Jaakko AU - Lehtovaara, Joonas AU - Seppänen, Olli AU - Peltokorpi, Antti AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, jaakko.riekki@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-2165 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-3811 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi:, orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-6612 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Decades into the digital age, we are still struggling to manage construction production based on data. Past lean construction research has developed management processes such as takt production that use data; however, little attention has been paid to the data collection and processing capabilities. This study explored the challenges of building these capabilities. First, we sought potential performance measures and identified their data source requirements. Second, we examined the database of an ongoing takt production multiple case study to uncover the suitability of prevalent production-related data to fulfil these requirements. We found that progress tracking data was mostly available in all projects although not always of high quality. However, issue tracking and quality control data were predominantly either missing or disorganized. Furthermore, indicators were hardly produced even when data was available. Despite shortcomings in the observed data handling capabilities, encouraging practices were also observed. As a conclusion, we propose that standard operating procedures and technology integration are pivotal for building data-based performance measurement capabilities in construction, especially in takt production. While a detailed roadmap of developing these capabilities is a task for future research, we propose that raising awareness about data management practices is a crucial step in that direction. KW - Takt production KW - Key performance indicators KW - Data-driven management KW - Capabilities PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2309/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2309 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Takt Control: Core Concepts and Preliminary Propositions C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 424 EP - 435 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0110 AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Barth, Karina B. AU - Coelho, Rafael V. AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3746 AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept., Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, kbertotto@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-6246 AD - PhD Candidate, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, rvcoelho@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-3622 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Takt production refers to a construction planning and control method rooted in core concepts and principles of Lean Production. Several benefits have been associated with its use, including increased work efficiency, simplified control procedures, improved plan reliability, and reduced project lead times. Nevertheless, takt production deserves further study to fill existing knowledge gaps. First, many studies report on the successful use of takt production in construction projects, but they overlook takt control and the metrics required to assess project performance. Second, few studies on takt production in construction discuss the method’s theoretical foundations and the need to make the method suit the level of complexity of any particular project. This study has developed a set of preliminary propositions for implementing takt control in construction projects, considering projects as complex sociotechnical systems. These propositions are grounded in core Lean Production concepts and principles and the requirements of control systems designed to manage complexity. Examples of takt control practices identified in case studies are used to illustrate these propositions. KW - Takt planning KW - takt production KW - takt control KW - Last Planner System® KW - complex systems. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2310/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2310 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Enhancing Cost Reliability in Construction: the Synergistic Impact of BIM and Lean Principles C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 141 EP - 152 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0111 AU - William, León AU - Jose, Guevara AU - Nelly, García-López AD - Ph.D. research assistant, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, wm.leon10@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-853X AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, INGECO research group director, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, ja.guevara915@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-9169 AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, INGECO research group, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, ne-garci@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-0897 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Effective cost management is critical in construction projects, where budget variability often threatens cost reliability and financial performance. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction Principles (LCP) offer complementary approaches to enhance decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and mitigate financial risks. Despite their proven potential, the integration of BIM and LCP remains underutilized, limiting their impact on cost predictability and reliability. Existing research highlights the synergies between BIM and LCP for reducing variability and waste; however, applications in real-world projects often lack comprehensive probabilistic analysis. This paper explores the impact of BIM-LCP integration on cost management and cost reliability using advanced probabilistic methods—Monte Carlo, Importance Sampling, and Latin Hypercube. These techniques provide robust insights into the effects of variability, process standardization, and waste reduction on cost outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of standardizing processes, coordinating disciplines, and minimizing waste to achieve cost reliability. This study offers actionable strategies for construction professionals to enhance financial predictability, optimize contract management, and reduce risks across project lifecycles, aligning with industry demands for improved cost management practices. KW - BIM KW - Lean Principles KW - Cost Reliability KW - Numerical Simulation Model KW - Cost Management KW - Budget Variability. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2311/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2311 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in Enterprises Subcontractors. Case Study: Road Impact Mitigation Project C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 93 EP - 104 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0112 AU - Meléndez, Walter AU - Abregu-Gonzales, Josep J. AU - Perez-Rubio, Karla N. AD - Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile, w.melndezbernardo@uandresbello.edu, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4007-3688 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, josep.abregu.g@uni.pe, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5663-0474 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, karla.perez.r@uni.pe, https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2929-5161 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study analyzes the feasibility of applying Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) principles to construction subcontracts through a comparative analysis of a traditional lump-sum contract and a hypothetical IPD-based scenario. The bidding, award, execution, and closeout phases of a road impact mitigation project are examined to identify gaps and assess the impact of a collaborative approach on business profitability. The results suggest that implementing IPD could optimize the distribution of costs and benefits, allowing clients to maximize their savings and subcontractors to improve the predictability of their margins. However, challenges related to risk management and adaptation to new contractual dynamics are evident. Finally, the study highlights the potential of IPD to strengthen business relationships and foster sustainable long-term agreements. KW - IPD KW - Collaborative contract KW - Case Study KW - Subcontract KW - Comparative analysis. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2312/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2312 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Daily Batch Size of Design – Proposal for the Sizing of Design Batches C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1011 EP - 1022 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0113 AU - Lappalainen, Eelon AU - Abou-Ibrahim, Hisham AU - Oraskari, Jyrki AU - Seppänen, Olli AU - Majid, Umer AU - Derry, Markus AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, eelon.lappalainen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-344X AD - Assistant Professor, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, ha306@aub.edu.lb, orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9322 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, oraskari@ip.rwth-aachen.de, orcid.org/0000-0002-4723-3878 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AD - MSc Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, umer.majid@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0009-0002-8521-0981 AD - Doctoral Researcher, Business Developer, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, markus.derry@aalto.fi ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lean construction techniques have effectively minimized batch sizes and lead times in construction production. However, the reduction of design batch sizes has focused on planning smaller tasks and has been quantified through the assessment of design hours, information packages, or design tasks. This work seeks to propose a practical method for determining batch size in design while simplifying and grounding ongoing theoretical discussions on the subject. The employed research methodology is a case study of four Finnish construction projects utilizing software created by researchers to estimate design batch sizes from industry foundation class (IFC) files. The primary outcome of the project is to demonstrate a method for visualizing the design batch size concerning added, removed, and updated building information model (BIM) components. The results indicate considerable diversity in design batch sizes and design data exchange cycles across different design disciplines and projects. This paper offers practitioners and academics a method to visualize previously concealed design batch sizes, facilitating batch size analysis as an initial step toward lowering these sizes. KW - Lean construction KW - design KW - batch size KW - building information model. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2313/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2313 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Strategic Levers for Prefabrication in Construction: an Economic Case Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 717 EP - 728 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0115 AU - Lauble, Svenja AU - Steuer, Dominik AU - Großmann, Helena AU - Zielke, Philipp AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, svenja.lauble@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-1791 AD - Chief Executive Office, Steuer Group, dominik@steuer.group AD - M.Sc. Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), helena.grossmann@student.kit.edu AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, philipp.zielke@kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-5241-8666 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The prefabrication industry is expected to grow and offer significant benefits to the construction industry, including improved efficiency, cost savings, quality and sustainability. Despite these benefits, there is a gap in the literature regarding the strategic levers that determine the optimal level of prefabrication. This study aims to investigate three levels of prefabrication (L1: brick walls, L2: brick walls with electrical installations and L3: brick walls with electrical installations and plastering) from an economic point of view. Levers from the literature were validated and supplemented based on an expert workshop with a small to medium-sized supplier of prefabricated elements and construction service provider in southern Germany. The economic feasibility was assessed using sensitivity analysis, focusing on cost drivers for organizational effort and increased efficiency. The results showed that higher levels of prefabrication (L2 and L3) lead to significant efficiency gains, especially in the best-case scenario. Organizational effort increases with the level of prefabrication, but at L3, efficiency improvements outweigh complexity, reducing costs such as material savings and mitigation of weather-related disruptions. Prefabrication, when strategically integrated, not only achieves the same goals as lean construction activities such as workflow efficiency and waste minimization, but the economic benefits increase with the level of prefabrication. This means that, under stable conditions, a high level of prefabrication is economically viable. KW - Prefabrication KW - Production Processes KW - Level KW - Profitability KW - Case Study PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2314/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2314 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Strategic Takt Planning C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 306 EP - 317 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0116 AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Emdanat, Samir AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 AD - President and Co-Founder, vPlanner, Dearborn, Michigan, USA, semdanat@vplannerapp.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-3165 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Reports on the use of takt tend to focus on applications aimed at so-called operational takt planning. Instead, this paper focuses on strategic takt planning. Strategic- and operational takt planning must go hand in hand. Specifically, strategic takt planning is required upfront in project delivery as it informs prospective contractors what is expected of them regarding their capacity allocation, and supply chains must be lined up to meet the crews’ just-in-time delivery needs to meet customer demand. Without a strategic takt plan that spells out assumptions embodied in the procurement schedule, it may be difficult (without later requiring contract adjustments) to onboard specialty contractors and suppliers who are then willing and able to jointly develop their operational takt plans and execute their work accordingly. This paper describes how, during strategic takt planning, project execution strategies can be explored based on alternative choices of a takt and the number of takt zones, and how plan options can be evaluated without requiring many project specifics. The computation and exploration of the merits of alternative options contribute to the body of knowledge on takt planning. They lead to better alignment between contracting- and operational strategies when maximizing flow is the objective. KW - Strategic takt planning KW - operational takt planning KW - takt production KW - project execution strategy. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2315/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2315 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - How Is the Construction Industry Performing? Insights From Four Years of Measurement C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1357 EP - 1367 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0118 AU - Elfving, Jan A. AU - Seppänen, Olli AU - Lehtovaara, Joonas AD - Senior Vice President, Skanska Finland, jan.elfving@skanska.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7909-6759 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-3811 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The purpose of this paper is to report the results from the second, third, and fourth year of measurement of performance metrics set by Building 2030 consortium. The first year of measurement was reported in the International Group of Lean Construction Conference 2022. The broader question the authors are seeking an answer is: Lean construction practices have been trained, tested, and implemented for many years in the Finnish construction industry but has the industry improved performance?” During the measurement period the number of projects included in measurement has increased. All metrics related to reliability have increased during the measurement period; considering the unexceptional environment with the pandemic and an overheated construction market, the authors were expecting a decline in these metrics. There has been an emphasis on decreasing project duration through implementation of takt production. It was interesting to notice that this has not yet been reflected on average durations, likely because the average project size has increased. Also, all sustainability metrics have improved. In conclusion, the industry seems to be improving performance but longer time intervals of robust data will be needed to identify a trend. The Building 2030 consortium intends to continue to annually collect the performance metrics. KW - benefits realization KW - continuous improvement KW - lean construction KW - benchmarking PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2316/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2316 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Learning From the Best: Lessons to Construction From High-performing Teams Across Sectors C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1219 EP - 1230 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0119 AU - Lehtovaara, Joonas AU - Peltokorpi, Antti AU - Seppänen, Olli AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-3811 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, antti.peltokorpi@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-6612 AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Finland, olli.seppanen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-5924 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - As high-performing teams (HPTs) are critical for the success of construction projects, more attention could be given to improving team formulation and performance. This study explores best practices from globally recognized HPTs outside the construction management domain, aiming to identify learnings and improvement opportunities for lean construction teams. Based on existing literature, we summarize traits of HPTs and provide seven examples – spanning from symphony orchestras to electronic sports teams – to demonstrate how HPTs operate in various domains. The following learnings were identified: HPTs (i) are determined to provide outstanding results and rigorously adopt emerging best practices, (ii) mirror the larger paradigm shift towards shared leadership and decentralized decision-making, and (iii) understand and effectively utilize both explicit and tacit knowledge transfer in their physical and virtual environments. Moreover, (iv) looking from outside, LC practices have strengths but also possible blind spots. Respectively, these learnings could be put into action by (1) allocating more resources for learning, (2) increasingly advocating the use of collaborative delivery models in all types of projects, (3) fostering communities of practice and mentoring practices while advocating group flow, and (4) slightly steering the development focus from project and process structures towards the development of teams. KW - High-performing teams KW - Knowledge transfer KW - Cross-industry KW - Organizational learning PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2317/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2317 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of a Serious Game in Construction Logistics Considering Digital and Lean Tools C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1485 EP - 1493 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0120 AU - Zielke, Philipp AU - Weber, Daniel AU - Gloser, Franz-Ferdinand AU - Lauble, Svenja AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, philipp.zielke@kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-5241-8666 AD - Site manager, Ed. Zueblin AG, daniel.weber@zueblin.de AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, franz-ferdinand.gloser@kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0006-7692-6194 AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Technology and Management in Construction, svenja.lauble@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-1791 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - All construction projects require well-organized logistics processes to ensure progress within budget and time. However, these processes are often decentralized and inefficient, leading to waste, high costs and delays. Business games have proven effective in raising awareness of the importance of construction logistics and disseminating optimization concepts. Based on a systematic literature review of digital tools in construction logistics and a user-oriented approach, a serious game was developed in an iterative process to highlight the benefits of these tools and the relevance of logistics. Designed for 10–17 participants over 2.5 hours, the game introduces principles like Pull, Kanban, Just-in-Time, and the Supermarket concept for pre-positioned storage near construction sites. The game also incorporates a digital delivery bill, enabling continuous tracking via QR codes and partially automated evaluations of delivery times and progress. To evaluate the developed serious game, feedback was collected from the participants through questionnaires and expert interviews. This interactive approach demonstrates the value of digital tools and fosters understanding of efficient construction logistics practices. The target group consists of students and professionals, who should understand the effects of the use of lean construction and digital tools in the field of construction logistics. KW - Simulation KW - logistics KW - lean construction KW - digital lean KW - action learning. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2318/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2318 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing and Testing Muri Puzzle Game C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1474 EP - 1484 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0121 AU - Torres, Jose AU - Kim, Suryeon AU - Jeong, David AU - Rybkowski, Zofia AD - Undergraduate Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, jtorr312@tamu.edu AD - Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, kimsuryeon@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0009-0002-2231-6674 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, djeong@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-1869 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, School of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, zrybkowski@arch.tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Muri, a Japanese term meaning overburden, is often overlooked in construction projects due to its intangible nature. Project participants rarely have opportunities to reflect on Muri, and it is difficult to measure its effects on project performance—such as time and cost. One effective way to enhance awareness of Muri and help project participants understand its impact is through educational simulation games. This approach allows participants to actively engage in decision-making and observe the consequences of their actions through embedded feedback mechanisms. This research introduces the Muri Puzzle Game, an educational simulation designed to teach the concept of Muri and raise awareness of its impact on the time-cost trade-off. Specifically targeting Muri in labor, the game was tested with 43 participants, with data collected through pre-and post-questionnaire surveys. The experimental results indicate that the Muri Puzzle Game effectively enhances participants’ understanding of Muri in labor and its influence on project performance, particularly regarding time-cost trade-offs. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge on Muri by providing a practical tool to facilitate its recognition and improve workforce management in construction projects. KW - Muri KW - Overburden KW - Educational Simulation Game KW - Time-Cost Trade-off PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2319/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2319 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Structured Continuous Improvement Process for High-rise Construction Using Time-motion Studies C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 364 EP - 375 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0123 AU - Cossio, Bernardo de AU - Murguia, Danny AU - Cossio, Jorge Gonzalez de AU - Cossio, Jorge Antonio Gonzalez de AD - Senior Project Manager, ITN de Mexico, Mexico, bcossio@itnmexico.com, orcid.org/0009-0005-3556-8629 AD - Senior Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, dem52@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 AD - Director, ITN de Mexico, Mexico, jcossio@itnmexico.com, orcid.org/0009-0001-4949-827 AD - Senior Project Manager, ITN de Mexico, Mexico, acossio@itnmexico.com, orcid.org/0009-0005-0963-5621 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This research investigates the implementation of a pragmatic continuous improvement process following a PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle within a large Mexican construction company specializing in post-tensioned concrete for high-rise buildings. Over a 2.5-year period and across 13 active projects ranging from 20 to 50 stories, the company aimed to optimize slab construction cycles, a critical and repetitive element impacting project duration and cost. To bridge the gap between field-level innovation and organizational implementation, this research presented a structured four-step PDCA approach: Step 1 - Plan: Time-motion study review and collaborative brainstorming; Step 2 - Do: Controlled trial implementation; Step 3 – Check: Data collection and evaluation; and Step 4 – Act: Standardization via A3. Over 200 time-motion studies, primarily on rebar and formwork (97%), provided data-driven insights that led to the development of 205 improvement initiatives, with 175 approved for trial implementation. Among these, 88 % targeted time, cost, and quality improvements. While the PDCA process proved effective in driving operational efficiency, challenges persist in sustaining momentum, enhancing communication channels, and reducing reliance on manual data processing. This study highlights the role of a structured bottom-up approach in integrating field-level innovation into long-term organizational improvements in construction projects. KW - Continuous Improvement KW - Time motion studies KW - PDCA KW - Kaizen KW - A3. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2320/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2320 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Construction Workers’ Safety Perceptions and Job Satisfaction: a Comparative Analysis of Denmark and Peru C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1046 EP - 1057 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0125 AU - Zanabria, Edson AU - Murguia, Danny AU - Pérez, Cristina T. AD - Research Assistant, Construction Management & Technology Research Group (GETEC), Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Peru, e.zanabriac@pucp.pe, orcid.org/0009-0006-3223-2772 AD - Assistant Professor, Construction Management & Technology Research Group (GETEC), Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Peru, dmurguia@pucp.pe, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering (CAE), Aarhus University, Denmark, cristina.toca.perez@cae.au.dk, orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-1492 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study compares safety perceptions and job satisfaction among construction workers in Denmark and Peru using a descriptive survey approach. A total of 2176 and 290 survey responses from Dane and Peruvian construction workers respectively were collected. The analysis was designed to reveal the influence of four demographic factors (age, experience, type of contract, and skill) on eight questions related to safety perception and job satisfaction. The results highlight important differences between the two countries. In Peru, safety perceptions are more positive, reflecting a strong regulatory framework, but job dissatisfaction is more pronounced, influenced by factors such as limited project portfolios and rising living costs. In contrast, Denmark shows more balanced levels of satisfaction, although gaps remain in the knowledge and application of safety measures. While demographic factors such as age, experience, and skills have some influence on the findings, they are not the main determinants. The study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies to enhance safety perceptions and improve job satisfaction in both contexts, fostering greater productivity and well-being within the construction industry. KW - Job satisfaction KW - Survey KW - Respect of People KW - Health & Safety. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2321/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2321 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Workflow Issue Identification by Applying Location-based Work Sampling C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 587 EP - 597 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0126 AU - Madushanka, Malik AU - Fiirgaard, Tobias AU - Pérez, Cristina T. AD - Master student, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering (CAE), Aarhus University (AU), malikmadushanka52@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2562-5121, AD - Master student, CAE Department, AU, Denmark, tobias.fiirgaard@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4078-3372 AD - Tenure Track Assistant Professor, CAE Department, AU, Denmark, cristina.toca.perez@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-1492 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study examines Location-Based Work Sampling (LBWS) to improve construction site management by identifying workflow issues. For that, a Case Study was conducted on a Danish new building project, and the workflows of three trades were observed. The LBWS application presented a structured four-step methodology: (1) activity and workspace identification; (2) data collection; (3) data visualization; and (4) data analysis. For the LBWS application, the “Ajour system” app was selected as the optimal software based on the technique “Choosing by Advantages”. At the data collection step, the authors registered 994 random observations of worker activities classified into six work activity categories (production, preparation, transportation, walking, talking, and waiting) and into four workspace categories (production, preparation, storage, and transportation workspace). Previous LBWS studies used a single workspace categorization. This study introduces a grid-based system to capture production dynamics. This study highlights LBWS as a powerful tool for optimizing workflows by identifying inefficiencies. It provides insights into (1) work activity analysis, differentiating value-added vs. non-value-added tasks, reducing excessive walking and waiting times; (2) workspace and resource utilization, using heat maps to assess labor and material distribution; and (3) interferences and congestion, identifying workflow bottlenecks caused by overcrowding or mismanagement. KW - Location-based Work Sampling KW - workflow KW - heat map KW - job site. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2322/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2322 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Construction Site Emissions: Exploring Sustainable Practices C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1208 EP - 1218 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0127 AU - Tetik, Müge AU - Pikas, Ergo AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Vendel, Kädi-Riin AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland, muge.tetik@lut.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-0577 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology (Taltech), Tallinn, Estonia, ergo.pikas@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-685X AD - Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology (Taltech), Tallinn, Estonia, lauri.koskela@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 AD - Early Stage Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology (Taltech), Tallinn, Estonia, kadiriin.vendel@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0009-0004-1702-1817 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Construction and renovation projects generate significant amounts of embodied carbon. However, studies often neglect emissions from the construction phase and focus on operational emissions of building in use. This study examines existing literature and prevalent certification systems, focusing on how they address site activities in relation to sustainability impacts. A comprehensive review of public domain data has been carried out. The current state of the most used certification systems and their approach on embodied carbon emissions from the construction phase has been determined. Interviews with an international panel of experts were held to gather insights. The study contributes to identifying requirements and analyzing incentives for achieving emission-free sites. Findings can serve as a roadmap for operating with less emissions for different construction supply chain actors and policymakers. KW - Sustainable construction KW - emission-free construction sites KW - construction site emissions. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2323/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2323 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Where Is the Evidence of Performance Improvement in the Lean Construction Literature? C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1 EP - 12 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0128 AU - Asmone, Ashan Senel AU - Pal, Aritra AU - Murguia, Danny AU - Rathnayake, Asitha AU - Middleton, Campbell AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, asa79@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-3890 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, aritrapal@civil.iitm.ac.in, orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-7400 AD - Senior Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, dem52@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, agbrr2@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-7801 AD - Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, prof@construction.cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-0680 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper critically evaluates the evidence of performance improvement within the lean construction literature. Through a systematic review of 1,351 papers presented at the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) conferences between 2013 and 2024, we identify a significant gap in evidence-based studies explicitly addressing performance improvement, with only 52 papers (3.8%) focus on this critical issue. Our findings highlight a predominant focus on building projects, while infrastructure and industrial sectors remain largely overlooked. Additionally, we classify the various performance metrics used in the literature, revealing a lack of standardisation in measuring project outcomes, which complicates benchmarking efforts. We advocate for the adoption of a consistent performance measurement framework to enable meaningful comparisons across similar projects, facilitating the identification of performance improvement and waste reduction. We argue that a structured, industry-wide approach to benchmarking and performance evaluation is essential for the sustained adoption of lean construction and the realisation of its full benefits. KW - Lean construction KW - performance improvement KW - productivity KW - measurement KW - standardisation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2324/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2324 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What are the Main Causes of Discontinuous Work? C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 376 EP - 387 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0129 AU - Rathnayake, Asitha AU - Murguia, Danny AU - Asmone, Ashan Senel AU - Pal, Aritra AU - Middleton, Campbell AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, agbrr2@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-7801 AD - Senior Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, dem52@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, asa79@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-3890 AD - Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, ap2425@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-7400 AD - Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, prof@construction.cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-0680 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Discontinuous work in construction refers to periods without resource or work continuity, leaving workers without designated locations to perform their tasks. Studies show in many activities idle durations are a significant portion of total work. Caused by poor production system design in projects, discontinuous work is a major cause of low trade productivity. This paper aims to identify factors affecting discontinuous work and quantify their impact. 346 datapoints (including 46 superstructure crews across 75 building levels in 10 multistorey buildings in London) were analysed using correlation and regression techniques. Data included crew size, batch size, activity type, work start and end dates. Results showed that reducing the batch size by increasing slab concrete pours per level minimised discontinuities by ensuring more available work locations. Synchronising the production rates of successive crews also reduced discontinuities by limiting idle time for faster crews. Surprisingly, although often considered a cause of discontinuities, out-of-sequence work had no statistically significant relationship with discontinuities. Possibly due to the constraints of superstructure work limiting the out-of-sequence work. Additionally, offsite construction methods exhibited greater variability in discontinuities compared to in-situ methods, likely due to clashes between in-situ activities happening at a different rate of work to offsite activities. KW - Resource continuity KW - flow KW - productivity KW - location-based management (LBM) KW - out-of-sequence work PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2325/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2325 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Quality Assurance of Prefabricated Concrete Elements C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 669 EP - 680 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0130 AU - Jørgensen, Oskar AU - Lædre, Ola AU - Lohne, Jardar AD - MSc, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway/Project Engineer, HAB Construction AS, Vollsveien 19, N-1366 Lysaker, Norway, oskar@hab.no AD - Professor, dr.ing, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, ola.laedre@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-8299 AD - Research Scientist, dr.art., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Jardar.lohne@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-3468 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Workplace crime in Norway’s construction industry is a growing concern, with social dumping, poor working conditions, and economic crime identified as major issues. Counterfeit materials and their risks to the environment, safety, and health receive less attention. Little research has examined how quality assurance (QA) systems in the prefabricated concrete supply chain address these risks. Quality failures pose a substantial threat to Lean Construction practices. This exploratory research aims to answer how QA systems in the value chain of precast concrete elements can be improved. This was investigated through 10 interviews, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of current QA systems. The QA systems of producers, contractors, and clients include factory visits, deviation management systems, audits, and certification checks. Most interviewees believe the industry is well-regulated and not likely to produce false materials, though one noted that "if they want to trick us, they can". Key weaknesses include untested materials, trust-based inspections, emissions manipulation, and lack of destructive testing. Taking into account limits to generalization, the study identified 24 improvement measures, targeting suppliers, producers, transporters, installers, contractors, and clients. Recommendations focus on addressing these gaps to strengthen QA systems and expanding the analysis to other materials in the supply chain. KW - Lean construction KW - prefabrication KW - concrete elements KW - quality assurance KW - counterfeit. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2326/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2326 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Decade of Transformation: the Role of the German Lean Construction Institute in the Construction Industry C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1540 EP - 1550 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0131 AU - Weinmann, Marc AU - Bär, Thomas AU - John, (Paul) Christian AU - Haghsheno, Shervin AD - PhD Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, marc.weinmann@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-0553 AD - Managing Director, German Lean Construction Institute – GLCI e.V., Karlsruhe, Germany thomas.baer@glci.de, orcid.org/0009-0002-2644-1376 AD - PhD Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, christian.john@kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0005-0648-9331 AD - Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-6370 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Since its foundation in 2014, the German Lean Construction Institute (GLCI) has made a significant contribution to the diffusion of Lean Construction in Germany. During this time, the GLCI has professionalised structurally by establishing an office with full-time employees, and the application of Lean Construction has developed considerably. This paper examines the impact of the GLCI as an institution on this development and is based on a survey reflecting the perception of the construction industry in Germany. It also analyses what value such an institution must offer in order to further promote the diffusion of Lean Construction. The survey results show that conferences, networking opportunities, community building, training and further education programmes, and publications are perceived as main added values of the GLCI. The study clearly demonstrates that the GLCI exerts a substantial impact on the awareness of Lean Construction in Germany, while its impact on the practical implementation within the industry is also assessed as significant. The findings provide valuable insights for the further development of the GLCI and offer international perspectives for other Lean Construction institutions to accelerate the diffusion of Lean Construction principles and tools. KW - Lean construction KW - Germany KW - diffusion KW - institution KW - network. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2327/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2327 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Roadmap for Implementing Standardized Work in Construction Process with Takt Time Planning C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 436 EP - 447 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0133 AU - Bonesi, Fabiana AU - Sterzi, Marcus AU - Orellana, Nicolas F. S. AU - Villanueva, Raul A. B. AU - Barth, Karina B. AD - MSc, NORIE, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Consultant and Managing Partner at LD Consulting, fabiana@ldconsulting.com.br, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9899-7798 AD - MSc, NORIE, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Consultant and Managing Partner at LD Consulting, marcus@ldconsulting.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-944X AD - Engineer, General Construction Manager, Constructora del Mar, nsaez@cdelmar.cl, orcid.org/0009-0001-2275 4730 AD - Engineer, Head of Planning and Control, Constructora del Mar, rbriceno@cdelmar.cl, orcid.org/ 0009-0003 5197-7604 AD - Postdoc Researcher, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, kbertotto@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-624 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lack of predictability, high workforce turnover, and making-do are some of the factors that contribute to process variability in construction. Variability can disrupt workflow, negatively impacting the performance of production systems in terms of cost, duration, and project quality. Standardized Work (SW) is an approach from the Lean Production Philosophy that enhances process stability by establishing procedures that standardize each worker's tasks. However, despite its widespread application in the manufacturing industry, the full potential of this approach remains underutilized in construction. This paper presents the results of implementing SW in the concrete structure process of a residential project undertaken by a Chilean company. The study adapts the key elements of SW to the construction context and engages workers in defining a standard routine. Action research is the methodological approach adopted in this study. The results show that SW, along with interventions supporting continuous improvement, reduces operational variability, enhances workspace organization, and increases workers' self-management in meeting their goals. This approach improves the operational efficiency of construction projects and contributes to a broader understanding of effective strategies for managing process variability in construction. KW - Standardized Work KW - Takt time KW - Takt Time Planning KW - Continuous Improvement KW - Variability. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2328/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2328 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Investigation of Construction Project Communications Under IPD Constraints C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1231 EP - 1242 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0134 AU - Kaufman, Neil A. AU - Collins, Felicia AU - Rogers, Haley AD - Director Project Integration, Associate, Boulder Associates, Boulder, USA, nkaufman@boulderassociates.com, orcid.org/0009-0009-8457-7512 AD - President, Efsee Communications, Irvine, USA, efsee2020@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0004-8738-5640 AD - Senior Lean Coach, Boulder Associates, Boulder, USA, hrogers@boulderassociates.com, orcid.org/0009-0006-1646-8558 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The authors demonstrate the development of an applied framework for analyzing, influencing, and improving communications to enhance productivity through collaborative information exchange on a fast-track integrated project delivery construction megaproject. Using an interdisciplinary approach, project communications is reconsidered as an independent, value-producing system to be used to improve the relational dynamics of an enterprise. Acknowledging the critical impact of communications on project planning and execution, the framework leans heavily on prospect theory within the field of behavioral economics, which explains how people make decisions when faced with risk. The results show the efficacy of developing a model that focuses on conditions of satisfaction, rather than the traditional hierarchical systems of project information flow for decision making. As with any substantial, independent commercial organization, a dedicated communications team is instrumental to achieving previously unrealized productivity gains otherwise hampered by the pervasive nature of miscommunication in large, complex-design engineering and construction projects. KW - Lean construction KW - communications KW - action research KW - integrated project delivery KW - prospect theory PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2329/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2329 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigating the Role of Lean Tools in Minimizing Construction Waste Across the Triple Bottom Line C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1149 EP - 1160 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0135 AU - Malaeb, Zeina AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, malaeb@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-3923 AD - Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The prevalence of waste in the construction industry and its contribution to project failure challenges sustainability targets. Therefore, waste reduction is key to sustainable construction. Lean construction recognizes the criticality of waste elimination and proposes tools and practices to minimize waste and maximize value. Nevertheless, the categorization of waste in the literature focuses on economic waste and gives less attention to environmental and social waste. Moreover, research on the role of lean tools in waste management primarily addresses economic advantages and overlooks the other sustainability pillars, thereby providing an unbalanced targeting of sustainability goals. Accordingly, there is a need to adopt a holistic perception of waste and address the contribution of lean in eliminating waste across the triple bottom line, representing environmental, social, and economic dimensions. For that, this paper conducts a literature review of existing studies to identify, categorize, and analyze the different waste categories and the role of lean tools in minimizing them. It fills the gap in the literature and presents two main contributions: (1) a well-rounded table of wastes across environmental, social, and economic dimensions and (2) a figure identifying and matching the waste management role of each lean tool to its corresponding sustainability pillar. KW - Environment KW - lean tools KW - sustainability KW - triple bottom line KW - waste PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2330/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2330 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Bridging Perspectives: a Thematic Analysis of Trust in Construction Management C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1404 EP - 1415 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0136 AU - Malaeb, Zeina AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, malaeb@ualberta.ca AD - Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - With the increased interest in collaborative project delivery, a focus on behavioral elements is needed to increase the effectiveness and success of delivered projects. Trust, in particular, plays a critical role in promoting team cooperation, building a relational culture, mitigating risks, minimizing conflicts, and realizing the full benefits of lean principles. However, despite the frequent mention of trust in construction management literature, research on trust, and the wider topic of soft elements, is lacking and the construction industry remains in much need of trust-related research. Starting from the basics, there is no universally accepted definition of trust and the definitions used in construction are borrowed from other fields, such as sociology, psychology, and economics, which are not all applicable to construction. Therefore, this paper aims to bridge perspectives and propose a definition of trust that is accepted and understood by construction management practitioners and researchers. For that, the authors perform a thematic analysis of 45 definitions of trust from the literature and present a thematic map outlining the interrelationships of the different elements of trust and a suggested definition. This contribution correlates trust in construction to risk in project management and will be built on in the authors’ future research. KW - Behavioral elements KW - collaboration KW - relational KW - risk KW - trust. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2331/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2331 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Perceptions of Robotic Inspections for Confined Spaces in Lean Construction: a Qualitative Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 987 EP - 998 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0137 AU - Wang, Zhong AU - Mei, Qipei AU - Lee, Gaang AU - Bock, Thomas AU - González, Vicente A. AD - PhD Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, zhong15@ualberta.ca, 0000-0002-7113-3439 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, qipei@ualberta.ca, 0000-0003-1409-3562 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, gaang@ualberta.ca, 0000-0002-6341-2585 AD - Chair of Building Realization and Robotics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, bockrobotics@web.de, 0000-0002-1278-7440 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, vagonzal@ualberta.ca, 0000-0003-3408-3863 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This qualitative study investigates industry professionals' perceptions of robotic inspections for confined spaces within the framework of Lean Construction 4.0 with a focus on facility maintenance. Confined space inspections are crucial for safety and asset integrity but are often associated with risks, inefficiencies, and high costs. Robotic inspections offer a potential solution, aligning with Lean Construction 4.0 principles that integrates lean principles such as eliminating waste, respect for people, along with technology as a means to an end. Through a focus group with ten experienced facility maintenance professionals, the study explored current practices, challenges, expectations, and hesitations regarding robotic inspections. Findings revealed that while participants recognized the potential of robots to enhance safety, accessibility, and data quality, they also expressed concerns about sensor reliability, data security, cost, and integration with existing workflows. These concerns resonate with previously identified barriers to sensor adoption in construction. The study highlights the need for human-centered design, robust and reliable technology, and seamless integration to successfully implement robotic inspections. Future research should focus on addressing these technological and human factors to advance Lean Construction 4.0 goals and realize the full potential of robotic inspections in creating safer, more efficient confined space inspection processes. KW - Lean construction 4.0 KW - Qualitative Study KW - Robotics KW - Sensors KW - Confined Space Inspection PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2332/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2332 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Geotechnical Insights for a Proactive Production System for Earthwork C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 318 EP - 329 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0138 AU - Simmons, Kim AU - LaMay, Thomas AU - Arroyo, Paz AD - Program Manager, Kleinfelder, San Jose, CA, USA, kisimmons@kleinfelder.com, orcid.org/0009-0007-1773-5758 AD - Quality Leader - Southeast, DPR Construction, Atlanta, GA, USA, thomasla@dpr.com, orcid.org/0009-0005-5163-2088 AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, paza@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-8172 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Risk mitigation through production system design and clear communication is critical to the success of complex projects and their sustainability. This paper presents a case study describing how a team building a multi-million-dollar, mission-critical data center project decreased risks associated with geotechnical soil conditions by creating a production system design using Lean methodologies such as location-based management, takt planning, and a behavior-based quality system tailored to the demands of earthwork and civil construction. The implementation of stacking these Lean methods improved communications, accelerated information flow, and reduced feedback loop durations, which increased the predictability of earthwork operations. Also, the paper discusses how the production system design fostered a culture of collaboration, trust, and continuous improvement. The authors advocate for new industry standards in job-sequencing, work structuring, and quality management within earthwork construction, emphasizing how stakeholders’ collaborative involvement is crucial to project success. This partnership highlights the foundational importance of soil construction and establishes frameworks for trust, collaboration, and continuous improvement. KW - Production system design KW - location-based management (LBM) KW - takt planning (TP) KW - work structuring KW - behavior-based quality system (BBQS) PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2333/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2333 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Hidden Lean: Lessons From Japan C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1345 EP - 1356 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0140 AU - Kon, Wataru AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Saragih, Gregory F. AU - Kasih, Richardus N. AU - Coelho, Rafael V. AD - MS Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, watarukon@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0009-2254-8089 AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 AD - MS Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, gregory.saragih@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-4698-3722 AD - MS Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, nugrakasih@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-9821-0481 AD - PhD Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, rvcoelho@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-3622 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lean Construction, rooted in the Toyota Production System, has revolutionized the global construction industry. However, its explicit adoption in Japan—the birthplace of Lean principles—has been surprisingly limited. This paper investigates the intersection of traditional Japanese management systems and Lean principles to uncover latent Lean principles within Japanese construction practices. By combining a systematic literature review and field observations, the research explores the cultural, historical, and industrial factors that have shaped Japan’s approach to construction management. The study highlights unique aspects of Japanese management, including the WA culture of harmony, the Monozukuri and Hitozukuri spirit, and the membership-based employment system, which collectively foster a quality-centric environment aligned with Lean principles. Challenges such as labor shortages, workforce aging, and overwork culture are also examined alongside innovative initiatives like i-Construction. The findings aim to bridge the gap between Japanese management styles and the global LC philosophy, offering insights for enhancing Lean adoption worldwide. KW - Japanese Management KW - Monozukuri KW - Hitozukuri KW - WA culture KW - Kaizen PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2334/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2334 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Feasibility of Eye-trackers for Monitoring Cognitive Load in Lean Construction 4.0 C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 892 EP - 904 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0141 AU - Eltahan, Amira AU - Lee, Gaang AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada AD - Assistant Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada AD - Professor, Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The dynamic nature of construction environments imposes significant cognitive demands on workers lead to loss of productivity and safety risks. Optimizing cognitive capacity aligns with lean construction principles by reducing waste, overburden and enhancing workers’ wellbeing, safety, and productivity. This study assesses the feasibility of eye-trackers for monitoring cognitive load on construction sites. Specifically, given the potential interference between the eye-tracking mechanism and the reflection or glare caused by safety goggles, a critical piece of protective equipment, the authors examined the impact of safety goggles on the signals’ quality of eye trackers. A controlled experiment was conducted to compare the eye-tracking signal quality metrics between with and without safety goggles. The results indicate that safety goggles introduced minor inaccuracies in fixation reliability (a 6% increase in fixation error) and blink detection (a 2% reduction in detection rate) but improved accuracy for dynamic tracking (a 27% reduction in tracking error) and maintained comparable recovery times. Furthermore, a questionnaire revealed reduced comfort and visual interference with safety goggles, highlighting the need for ergonomic improvements. This research supports integrating advanced sensor technologies in lean construction 4.0 and offers a pathway for developing practical tools to optimize worker performance and safety. KW - Continuous improvement/kaizen KW - Waste reduction KW - Wearable sensors KW - Safety KW - Lean construction 4.0 PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2335/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2335 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Plan Validation in TVD: a Healthcare Case Study Project in California C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 153 EP - 163 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0142 AU - Arroyo, Paz AU - Rybkowski, Zofia AU - Tran, Dan AU - Lieb, Callahan AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, paza@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-8172 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, zrybkowski@tamu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004 AD - Project Executive, DPR Construction, Bay Area, CA, USA, danielt@dpr.com AD - Senior Project Manager, Sutter Health, Bay Area, CA, USA, callahan.lieb@sutterhealth.org ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Healthcare projects are complex commercial building endeavors, and re-purposing an office building into a healthcare facility within a tight time frame can be especially risky. Conventional management practices are insufficient for the design and delivery of complex capital projects. However, decades of research have demonstrated Target Value Delivery's effectiveness in mitigating risk in complex project design and delivery. While TVD tools are often disseminated through cases that focus on the overall TVD process, there is a need to focus on a less well-known step implemented upstream of design, known as “plan validation.” The purpose of this paper is to share how an owner and stakeholder team managed to mitigate risk using plan validation for the adaptive reuse of a complex multi-building healthcare project. The owner engaged general contractors and design partners already experienced in TVD practices. The team collaborated using lean methods such as an IFOA contract, innovated by exploring alternatives early on during interactive big room meetings, developed prefabrication solutions, and implemented takt planning and the Last Planner System of Production Control during the plan validation process. This paper qualitatively documents from stakeholder’s comments how lean methods contributed to the owner’s ability to confidently proceed with the project. KW - TVD KW - plan validation KW - IFOA KW - prefabrication KW - takt planning KW - set-based design. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2336/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2336 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring IGLC Literature on Subcontracting C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 117 EP - 128 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0143 AU - Saragih, Gregory F. AU - Coelho, Rafael V. AU - Kasih, Richardus N. AU - Kon, Wataru AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - MS Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, gregory.saragih@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-4698-3722 AD - PhD Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, rvcoelho@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-3622 AD - MS Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, nugrakasih@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-9821-0481 AD - MS Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, watarukon@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0009-2254-8089 AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Subcontractors are essential to the delivery of many construction projects. However, current approaches to subcontracting are known to be disjointed, with systemic issues such as misaligned objectives among project stakeholders, fragmented workflows, and transactional relationships often limiting subcontractors’ contribution to project success. To support future research in this area, this paper explores how subcontracting has been discussed in selected IGLC literature, grouped into four themes to reflect subcontractors’ involvement across project stages: Selection, Engagement, Execution, and Evaluation. Within each theme, the paper offers reflections and poses open-ended questions that may help inform future studies into the role of subcontractors in Lean Construction. While acknowledging that the observations may not capture the full breadth of existing research, this paper offers preliminary insights into how subcontracting has been addressed in the IGLC literature and suggests opportunities for future study. KW - Subcontracting KW - Lean Construction KW - collaboration KW - relational contracting KW - trade partners. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2337/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2337 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring Opportunities for Integrating Target Value Delivery and Front-end Planning in Industrial Megaprojects C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 164 EP - 175 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0144 AU - Kasih, Richardus N. AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AU - Coelho, Rafael V. AU - Saragih, Gregory F. AU - Kon, Wataru AU - Utomo, Richardus B. AU - Kasih, Gerardus B. AD - MS Student, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, nugrakasih@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-9821-0481 AD - Distinguished Professor, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept., Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, tommelein@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-6596 AD - PhD Candidate, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, rvcoelho@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-3622 AD - MS Student, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, US, gregory.saragih@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-4698-3722 AD - MS Student, Civil and Envir. Eng. Dept. and Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, watarukon@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0009-0009-2254-8089 AD - President, Lean Construction Institute Indonesia (LCII), Jakarta, Indonesia, budiutomo@leanconstruction.id, orcid.org/0009-0001-0913-2494 AD - Consultant, PQI Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia, gerardusblesto@pqiconsultant.com, orcid.org/0009-0004-8848-2151 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Industrial megaprojects, characterized by their scale, complexity, and interdependent components, often face significant challenges, including cost overruns, schedule delays, and stakeholder misalignment. This study proposes several opportunities to integrate Target Value Delivery (TVD) and Front-End Planning (FEP) methodologies to address these challenges and enhance project outcomes. Drawing on theoretical insights and case studies, the research explores the complementary strengths of TVD’s iterative adaptability and FEP’s structured methodology. The proposed integration emphasizes early stakeholder engagement, rigorous scope definition, and iterative planning to mitigate risks, improving cost predictability, and aligning project objectives. This paper contributes to knowledge by providing a comparative analysis of TVD and FEP, identifying integration opportunities, and suggesting practical strategies to overcome adoption barriers. While the list of opportunities is conceptual, it lays the groundwork for empirical validation and adaptation across diverse industrial contexts. This study contributes to advancing Lean Construction principles, offering a pathway to improving the delivery performance of industrial megaprojects. KW - Target Value Delivery KW - front-end planning KW - front-end loading KW - pre-project planning KW - industrial megaprojects KW - risk management KW - value engineering KW - Project Definition Rating Index. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2338/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2338 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Prioritizing Lean Construction Practices for Effective Megaproject Delivery C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 70 EP - 81 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0145 AU - Ibrahim, Abdelazim AU - Zayed, Tarek AU - Lafhaj, Zoubeir AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Building and Real Estate, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, abdelazim-ib.mansour@connect.polyu.hk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-4151 AD - Professor, Department of Building and Real Estate, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, tarek.zayed@polyu.edu.hk, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-7712 AD - Professor, Laboratoire de Mecanique Multiphysique Multiechelle, LaMcube, UMR 9013, Centrale Lille, CNRS, Universite de Lille, Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9176 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Megaprojects, characterized by their complexity, large scopes, and diverse stakeholders, often face inefficiencies, cost overruns, and uncertainties. Lean Construction (LC) has emerged as a transformative approach to address these challenges, enhancing efficiency, collaboration, and sustainability in megaproject delivery. This study bridges the gap between theory and practice by developing a comprehensive LC implementation model for megaprojects. It focuses on three objectives: identifying key LC practices through a literature review, validating them via expert interviews, and ranking them using the Fuzzy Relative Importance Index (FRII) Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a systematic literature review, expert insights, and a survey of 379 construction professionals to evaluate and rank critical LC practices. The study identifies 35 essential practices, with Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) systems as the most critical, followed by the Last Planner System (LPS), Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Building Information Modelling (BIM), and Target Value Design (TVD). These practices address barriers to LC adoption and megaproject challenges. By providing a prioritized framework, the study offers actionable insights for industry leaders and policymakers, enabling them to focus on impactful strategies for sustainable megaproject delivery. The findings advance LC theory and provide practical tools for driving innovation in the construction industry. KW - Lean Construction; Megaprojects; Complex; Fuzzy Relative Importance Index; Sustainability. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2339/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2339 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulation of Takt Time Planning Study Case: Housing in the New Capital City of Indonesia C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 353 EP - 363 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0148 AU - Aisyah, Rina Asri AU - Gazali, Abdhy AU - Putra, Prama AU - Prabowo, Andek AU - Bastiono, Galang AU - Libastari, Helen AD - Lean Construction and Innovation Management System, Division of Strategic, Planning, and Technology, PT PP (Persero) Tbk., Jakarta, Indonesia, aisyah_rina@ptpp.co.id, orcid.org/0009-0005-0637-9925 AD - Assistant Professor, Building Engineering Education, State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Indonesia, abdhy.gazali@unj.ac.id, orcid.org/0009-0004-1391-6533 AD - Faculty Lecturer, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, prama.putra@itb.ac.id, orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-9628 AD - Director, PT PP Properti Tbk., Indonesia, andek.prabowo@ptpp.co.id, orcid.org/0009-0006-4487-1360 AD - Project Manager of Rusun ASN IKN Project PT PP (Persero) Tbk., Indonesia, galang.bastiono@ptpp.co.id AD - Student, State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Jakarta, helen_1503622071@mhs.unj.ac.id, orcid.org/0009-0005-1666-6362 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The housing development project in Indonesia's Nusantara Capital City (IKN) deals with various challenges, including high complexity and uncertainty, limited resources, and logistical issues. Effective construction management strategies are therefore required for accomplishing the project on time. Takt Time Planning is a method in Lean Construction used to adjust the workflow and to create an efficient process for complex projects. This study aims to simulate Takt Time Planning on a finished project focusing on the alignment between planned takt time and actual performance. We employ a systematic quantitative approach by integrating takt time analysis with the Line of Balance method, utilizing project documents, and field documentation. Our findings suggest that subsequent adjustments lead to improved efficiency and earlier project completion while initial planning encounters balancing issues. We highlight that Takt Time Planning should be followed up with control mechanism to reach takt time consistency. KW - Housing Development KW - Lean Construction KW - Project Management KW - Takt Time Planning KW - Workforce Efficiency KW - Line of Balance PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2340/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2340 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Strengthening the Client Role in Handling Payment-related Issues to Increase Project Productivity in Indonesia: a DMAIC Study Case C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 129 EP - 140 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0150 AU - Nurdiansyah, Iyan AU - Purushothaman, Mahesh Babu AU - Roestam, Yulham Ferdiansyah AD - Project Development Advisor PT. MRT Jakarta, Indonesia, Student of Master Construction Management Auckland University of Technology, NZ. iyan.nurdiansyah22@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0002-5486-1722 AD - Senior Lecturer, Built Environment Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, NZ, mahesh.babu@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-272X AD - President Director of PT. Integrasi Transit Jakarta, rferdiansyah@itj-mrtjakarta.co.id ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Dukuh Atas Multifunction Bridge Project in Jakarta, Indonesia, planned to link the newly build public transport infrastructure, LRT Jabodetabek, to the existing modes such as: MRT Dukuh Atas Station, KRL Sudirman Station, Airport Rail Link Station, and Dukuh Atas Bus Rapid Transport. This project got national scale’s attention since it targeted to finished prior to LRT Jabedebek launch ceremony which would be attended by the presidential administration. The stakeholders' expectations were intense, and the project faced multiple serious problems that posed a high risk of project failure. The study highlights lessons learned regarding the discontinued flow of funds, which led to poorer performance of the project and how the project team recovered progress through the implementation of lean construction principles from the clients' perspectives. The case study indicates that the implementation of lean construction tools helped bring the project back on track and met the stakeholders' expectations by improving the payment lead time from 68.22 days to 13.47 days. These results demonstrate the benefits of adopting lean construction tools through DMAIC framework to hinder the project from failure. KW - Lean construction KW - value stream mapping KW - Gemba KW - payment KW - conflict resolution. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2341/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2341 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring Lean Principles in Large-scale Renovation: a Review of Socio-economic Impacts C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1161 EP - 1172 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0151 AU - Vendel, Kädi-Riin AU - Pikas, Ergo AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Tetik, Müge AD - Early Stage Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, kadiriin.vendel@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0009-0004-1702-1817 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, ergo.pikas@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-685X 3 Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, lauri.koskela@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 4 Postdoctoral Researcher, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland, muge.tetik@lut.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-0577 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, ergo.pikas@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-685X AD - Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, lauri.koskela@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland, muge.tetik@lut.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-0577 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Large-scale renovations, as promoted by the European Union’s Renovation Wave initiative, are essential for achieving energy efficiency and climate goals while delivering socio-economic benefits. Yet, such projects face considerable challenges, including high upfront costs, stakeholder fragmentation, and limited process scalability. This paper explores the socio-economic implications of large-scale renovations, emphasizing opportunities to reduce inefficiencies and improve customer value. Based on a systematic literature review and lean construction principles, the study highlights how methods such as Value Stream Mapping, Target Value Design, and Location-Based Scheduling, supported by portfolio-level planning, multiskilled teams, and coordinated crew flow, can improve process reliability, reduce waste, and enable scalable renovation strategies. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to align environmental objectives with social and economic value creation. KW - Lean construction KW - renovation KW - sustainability KW - socio-economic impacts. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2342/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2342 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Principles for Determining Generative Design Benefits C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 13 EP - 24 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0152 AU - Marinkelle, Diego Rojas AU - Garcia-Lopez, Nelly P. AU - Lara, Santiago AD - PhD Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, INGECO research group, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, d.rojasm@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-9508 AD - Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, INGECO research group, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, ne-garci@uniandes.edu.co, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-0897 AD - Masters Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, INGECO research group, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, s.laral@uniandes.edu.co ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Studies on generative design have increased over the past decade, particularly for enhancing design processes in AEC industry projects. While generative design has shown potential benefits across various applications, its role in value generation remains unclear. This paper seeks to better understand the advantages of generative design through the lens of Lean principles and practices. A literature review and content analysis were conducted to map the different uses of generative design and their associated Lean principles. The review identified ten distinct uses of generative design, which were linked to nine Lean practices categorized under three Lean principles: value generation, flow improvement, and waste reduction. The results show that generative design is a versatile, interdisciplinary tool, applicable across planning, design, and construction phases. By aligning generative design with Lean principles, this study highlights its substantial contributions to improving flow, generating value, and reducing waste in construction projects. However, the findings also reveal a lack of integration across systems and processes, with applications often focused on isolated project stages or disciplines. This fragmentation suggests a tendency toward local optimization, highlighting the need for future research on system-wide integration to fully align generative design with Lean principles. KW - Generative Design KW - Generative Design benefits KW - Generative Design uses KW - Lean Principles KW - Lean Practices KW - Lean Design. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2343/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2343 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrated Project Delivery in Norway – the Clients’ Perspective on Challenges C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1243 EP - 1254 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0154 AU - Nwajei, Una Obiose Kriston AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Hellström, Magnus Mikael AD - P.h.D Student, Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Jon Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad, Norway, una.nwajei@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-4430 AD - Professor, Department of Working Life and Innovation, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, Jon Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AD - Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Åbo, Finland, Magnus.Hellstrom@abo.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-0503 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The purpose of the paper is to identify and understand the clients’ motives for choosing Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a Project Delivery Model (PDM) and their experiences of the challenges in adopting it in Norway. This is an overlooked perspective as most studies focus on general benefits and barriers to IPD. The paper draws upon interviews with client representatives. The study reveals six recurring challenges across the projects: diverse motivations for choosing IPD, the necessity of enthusiasts to drive adoption, the challenge of convincing decision-makers that the public procurement regulations are not a showstopper, that agreeing on target prices can be hard and potentially lead to project collapse and that decision-making within the IPD framework can be challenging. The findings show that the rationale for adopting IPD is based on a complex interplay of factors. We conclude by arguing that while enthusiasm is a powerful catalyst for IPD adoption, it must be balanced with rational decision-making and a clear understanding of project-specific circumstances. KW - Adoption barriers KW - Challenges KW - Client perspective KW - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) KW - Project Delivery Model (PDM) KW - PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2344/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2344 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulation to Bridge the Gap Between Visual Management Theory and on-Site Applications C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1451 EP - 1462 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0156 AU - Nawar, Srujan Pramod AU - Rybkowski, Zofia Kristina AU - Devkar, Ganesh AU - Ehsas, Hameedullah AD - Master’s Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA, srujannawar09@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0004-8171-7456. AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA, zrybkowski@tamu.edu, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0683-5004. AD - Professor, CEPT University, Gujarat, India, ganesh.devkar@cept.ac.in, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-5482-1221. AD - PhD Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA, hameedullahehsas@tamu.edu, orcid.org/ 0000-0003-0137-9473. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study examines the effectiveness of Visual Management (VM), a Lean Construction tool, in reducing stress levels and improving efficiency in construction processes. Through a simulated floor plan modification exercise, we compare the performance of teams using traditional written instructions versus those employing VM techniques. The research aims to quantify the time savings and accuracy improvements achieved by using visual tools such as shadow marking and colour coding. The methodology involves a crossover design with a total of 66 students, participating in both Lean and Non-Lean conditions across two rounds. Performance metrics include accuracy (the number of tasks accurately completed) and stress levels. Our findings demonstrate that VM significantly reduces task completion time, enhances accuracy, and decreases stress levels in a simulated construction-like environment. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the implementation of Lean principles, particularly VM, in construction projects to enhance productivity and reduce waste. KW - Visual management KW - productivity KW - accuracy improvement KW - lean simulation KW - stress reduction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2345/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2345 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulating JIT Implementation in Prefabricated Construction: a Digital Framework for Supply Chain Optimization C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 657 EP - 668 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0158 AU - Bidhendi, Ali AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AU - Poshdar, Mani AD - Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand, ali.bidhendi@autuni.ac.nz, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-5859 AD - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Chile, rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 AD - Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Construction industry efficiency continues to lag behind other sectors, particularly in prefabricated component supply chain management. While Just-in-Time (JIT) principles have proven successful in manufacturing, their application to construction supply chains remains challenging due to inherent variability in construction processes. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation approach to evaluate JIT implementation in prefabricated construction supply chains, focusing on modeling uncertainty in supply chain activities. The research employs triangular distributions to capture optimistic, most probable, and pessimistic scenarios for key construction activities. Through statistical analysis of 10,000 simulation iterations, we demonstrate the probability distributions of project completion times and identify critical activities affecting JIT implementation. Results show an 80% probability of project completion within 21 days and highlight specific activities, such as beam transport with a mean duration of 4.88 days, that significantly impact supply chain performance. The study reveals how activities with higher variability, particularly in beam lifting and quality control, can become potential bottlenecks in JIT implementation. This research contributes to both theory and practice by providing a probabilistic framework for evaluating JIT strategies in construction and identifying critical factors for successful implementation. KW - Lean construction KW - Just-in-Time KW - Prefabrication KW - Supply chain management KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Digital framework. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2346/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2346 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Advanced Work Packaging and Value Stream Mapping Into Last Planner System: an Operational Framework C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 563 EP - 574 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0159 AU - Naser, Ayman AD - Assistant Professor, Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, an1401569@qu.edu.qa, orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9200 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper examines the escalating challenges in the implementation of Lean Construction (LC) concerning project delivery within temporal and financial limitations. It suggests an operational framework that incorporates Advanced Work Packaging (AWP), Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and the Last Planner System (LPS) to improve project performance. The study reveals constraints in the execution of LPS, notwithstanding its extensive utilization as a lean construction approach. The study examines the synergistic integration of VSM and AWP with LPS to rectify these deficiencies through an extensive literature review. The proposed framework seeks to augment collaboration among project stakeholders, enhance visualization of project workflows, and enable more efficient risk assessment and analysis. This research aims to furnish contractors with a systematic method for incorporating lean tools to enhance project outcomes, reduce waste, and elevate overall efficiency across various phases of construction projects. The study concludes by highlighting the necessity for empirical validation of the framework to evaluate its practicality and efficacy. KW - Advanced work packaging (AWP) KW - last planner system (LPS) KW - value stream mapping (VSM) KW - project control KW - operational framework. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2347/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2347 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Understanding the Design Process in Modular Construction Projects Based on Value Stream Mapping C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 799 EP - 809 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0163 AU - Cunha, Vanessa C. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Amaro, Louise AU - Bulhões, Iamara R. AD - Master Student, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, vanessa.cardosocunha@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5153-5875. AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3746. AD - Ph.D. Student, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, louisechiarello@hotmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-4584. AD - Assistant Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, iamara.bulhoes@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-0455. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Design management in modular construction (MC) faces additional challenges in relation to traditional projects due to compressed lead times, increased customization demands, and interdependency between production units. These factors amplify uncertainty and require continuous decision-making under evolving conditions. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a powerful approach for reducing the share of non-value-adding activities of design flows and enhancing cross-sector integration. The main goal of this investigation is a set of guidelines for improving the MC design process, especially regarding planning and control. VSM was used as a diagnostic tool in the design process of a MC company from Brazil, allowing the identification of improvement opportunities in design flow. Design Science Research (DSR) was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation, being structured in iterative cycles of diagnosis, development, and evaluation. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and interdisciplinary seminars. The proposed future-state VSM highlights opportunities to reduce project lead times by up to 75%, emphasizing collaborative design reviews, set-based design principles, and formal collection of client requirements. Findings suggest that VSM is an effective tool for streamlining workflows, reducing rework, and improving stakeholder coordination. This research contributes both theoretically and practically by advancing knowledge on how to deal with the type of complexity that exists in MC, providing actionable strategies for enhancing design efficiency and predictability. KW - Value Stream Mapping; Design Management; Modular Construction; Process Optimization; Complexity. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2348/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2348 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Model for Production System Design in Modular Construction Projects C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 388 EP - 399 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0165 AU - Bataglin, Fernanda S. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Viana, Daniela D. AD - Civil Engineer and Lean Consultant, fernanda.saidelles@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-1201 AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3746 AD - Adjunct Professor, Interdisciplinary Department, NORIE, UFRGS, dietz.viana@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-4708 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Modular construction has gained increasing relevance as a kind of Engineer-to-order (ETO) industrialized building systems, which are plagued by different sources of complexity. Production system design (PSD) is one of the core activities in production management, translating the intended production strategy into a set of decisions to improve flows. Previous research efforts were mostly limited to the design of production systems for projects that involved traditional construction technologies. However, the scope of PSP decisions tends to be broader in industrialized building systems because it requires information from multiple production units to align strategic and operational decisions. The aim of this research is to devise a process model for designing production systems for ETO industrialized building systems within the context of modular construction. Design Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation, which involved three empirical studies carried out in partnership with a company that delivers modular construction projects. The main outcome of this investigation is a set of decision-making steps to support the design of the production system based on core operations management concepts and principles. The main benefit of this model to guide the development of PSD in a systematic and formalized way. KW - Lean construction KW - Production system design KW - Engineer-to-order KW - Modular Construction KW - 4D BIM. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2349/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2349 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction in Germany – Empirical Findings on the Current State of Practice C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1368 EP - 1379 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0167 AU - John, (Paul) Christian AU - Niederprüm, Katharina AU - Maier, Eliane AU - Haghsheno, Shervin AD - PhD Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, christian.john@kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0005 0648-9331 AD - Master Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, katharina.niederprüm@student.kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0003-8624-7927 AD - PhD Student, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, eliane.maier@kit.edu, orcid.org/0009-0005 0375-147X AD - Professor, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, shervin.haghsheno@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000 0002-0602-6370 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - In recent years, Lean Construction has gained notable popularity in Germany and is now used by companies in all areas along the supply chain in the construction industry. This study provides an overview of the current state of Lean Construction practice in Germany. Using a three-phase approach, 451 companies that use Lean Construction were first identified through a comprehensive industry analysis. Subsequently, 15 interviews with experienced practitioners were conducted to understand the common Lean Construction practices and their perceptions of the industry. The insights derived informed a survey, which was sent to the identified companies. A total of 97 participated. Findings reveal that Lean Construction is still predominantly applied during the execution phase, although an increasing number of companies are gaining experience in the planning phase. However, the adoption remains limited across the industry, with only a few companies achieving high maturity while most use Lean Construction on a small scale. Primary barriers to company-wide integration include a lack of expertise and the substantial time commitment required. Thus, success depends on the “right” application, which, when achieved, generally leads to positive project outcomes. KW - Lean Construction KW - Practice KW - Lean Methods KW - Construction Industry KW - Germany. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2350/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2350 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Time-lapse Image Processing for Estimating Construction Equipment Emissions C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1102 EP - 1113 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0168 AU - Bharathi, Vimal AU - Hong, Kepong AU - Teizer, Jochen AD - Ph.D. Student, Vimal Bharathi, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, vvebh@dtu.dk, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9592-0626 AD - Ph.D. Student, Vimal Bharathi, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, keho@dtu.dk, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0018-0579 AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, teizerj@dtu.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-895X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) contributes significantly to environmental pollution. As part of lean construction methodologies, construction equipment emissions can be monitored remotely by analyzing its working states over time. This offers a viable alternative to expensive, simplified, or portable emission monitoring systems. However, the complex and dynamic aspects of construction sites make it difficult for humans to follow equipment activity. This leads to manual and time-consuming site resource management. This paper proposes automating the task of equipment emission monitoring as part of the more significant goals in lean construction by applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to photography from a time-lapse camera that oversees a construction site. A Deep Learning model is trained to detect several pieces of equipment on the construction site. The proposed method further tracks the resources to predict whether it is operating between consecutive timestamps. Observing the activity state of the equipment, the respective emission values of the equipment are calculated according to historical and calibrated benchmarks. The results demonstrate a promising method applying existing surveillance technology that, while it also automates parts of construction site operations monitoring of lean schedules, simplifies the process of tracking emissions with respect to construction equipment operations on construction sites. Further work is suggested to acquire higher temporal resolution data and improve data labeling, thereby performing semantic segmentation of equipment for better tracking results for lean construction purposes. KW - Computer vision KW - Deep Learning KW - Object detection and tracking KW - Time-lapse camera KW - Lean construction equipment operation KW - Greenhouse gas emissions. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2351/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2351 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Behavioral Safety Performance Assessment in Construction: a Data-driven Approach in Virtual Reality C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1114 EP - 1125 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0169 AU - Speiser, Kilian AU - Golovina, Olga AU - Teizer, Jochen AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Department for Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, kilsp@dtu.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-8053 AD - Ph.D., Consultant, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, kj7_i@web.de, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5021-3139 AD - Professor, Department for Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, teizerj@dtu.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-895X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry suffers from high incidence rates compared to other sectors. Lean and safety training is one effort to increase work productivity while preventing accidents, but the effectiveness of various existing training methods relies on intention-based evaluations. These can fail to capture behavioral lean and safety performance. This paper presents a novel Virtual Reality (VR)-based assessment method for quantifying (lean and) safety performance in construction, addressing the critical gap between intention and behavior. By simulating real-world hazards, a simplified VR learning environment allows for objective, data-driven assessment of workers’ behavior using metrics that capture, for example, the interaction with poor construction site layout and hazards. This study created a virtual environment and tested the capabilities of objectively assessing aspects of lean and safety performance in an experiment with 60 subjects. Splitting them into groups of experts and novices and exposing them to different training methods allowed a qualitative discussion on the implications of such an assessment method. The results demonstrate its applicability for a data-driven metric to assess lean and safety behavior, given that the environment includes relevant hazards and represents lifelike tasks. Construct validity requires further considerations when using this concept for virtual performance assessment. A more nuanced metric could further strengthen the study design. This study provides an explorative framework for further research to investigate the effectiveness of training methods based on behavior and overcoming the intention-behavior gap. KW - Active learning KW - behavioral assessment KW - education and training KW - lean and safe construction KW - safety performance KW - virtual reality KW - lean and safety indicators. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2352/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2352 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Dissemination of Target Value Design Principles Through a Bridge Construction Online Simulation: Overview and Case Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1463 EP - 1473 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0170 AU - Shah, Manav AU - Bharadwaj, Doobari AU - Ehsas, Hameedullah AU - Ramalingam, Shobha AU - Rybkowski, Zofia K. AD - Project Controls Engineer, Bechtel, India. mvshah2620@yahoo.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2462-6203 AD - Construction Engineer, Bechtel, India. doobaribharadwaj@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6704-0192 AD - Ph.D. Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. hameedullahehsas@tamu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-9473 AD - Associate Professor and Project Lead, School of Construction, NICMAR University Pune, Maharashtra, India. sramalingam@nicmar.ac.in, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-5866 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. zrybkowski@arch.tamu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper aims to qualitatively investigate the impact of Target Value Design (TVD) principles within academic and professional spheres through the creation and evaluation of an innovative and interactive serious game. A novel online TVD simulation was designed and tested, challenging participants to construct a bridge while balancing constraints related to cost, aesthetics, and quality. The bridge format of this TVD game resolved the “gravity challenge” experienced by past TVD simulations that required constructing a tower. The simulation aims to mirror real-world decision-making under TVD guidelines. The findings reveal that participants applying TVD principles were able to identify a market-based cost for the bridge and subsequently reduce project costs by 15% to 25% to meet the owner’s target cost. These results underscore the effectiveness of the game in testing and conveying key TVD principles. This study seeks to expand the reach of TVD principles, which are now becoming integral to the practice of lean construction. The accessible online format offers a valuable learning tool for emerging construction science professionals, enabling them to grasp TVD concepts in an engaging and practical manner. KW - Target Value Design; Online lean simulation KW - Gaming Pedagogy KW - Construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2353/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2353 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Adaptive Interoperability Journey: Navigating Fragmentation in Digital AEC Projects C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1428 EP - 1439 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0171 AU - Blancher, Marc AU - Florez-Perez, Laura AU - Murguia, Danny AD - Independent Researcher and MSt Cambridge University, London, UK, mslb2@cantab.ac.uk, orcid.org/0009-0002-6711-3782 AD - Associate Professor, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK, WC1E7HB, l.florez@ucl.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-6949 AD - Senior Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK, dem52@cam.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4058 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The architecture, engineering, and construction sector’s digital transformation has been hindered by persistent interoperability challenges. These issues have undermined productivity despite the advent of advanced technologies such as building information modelling and computational design. This study investigates how design team managers in the United Kingdom address interoperability issues by focusing on both technical and organisational factors. Using a qualitative approach based on interviews, the research explores how managers experience these challenges in practice and how technical solutions and organisational strategies co-evolve. From this investigation, the adaptive interoperability journey (AIJ) model was developed to guide design teams in enhancing interoperability by implementing organisational learning through three phases: alignment, mastery-building, and regenerative innovation. The AIJ model offers strategic principles to assist organisations in effectively adapting to their specific circumstances and navigating digital transformation challenges. This work contributes to the lean construction literature by aligning theory with practice to improve collaboration and productivity in fragmented project environments. KW - digital transformation KW - interoperability KW - BIM KW - ISO 19650 KW - learning organisation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2354/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2354 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring the Role of Lean Construction in Decarbonizing the Building Industry: Insights From Industry Experts C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1137 EP - 1148 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0173 AU - Pozzer, Alberto E. AU - Rausch, Christopher AU - Leite, Fernanda AD - Ph.D. Student, Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, USA, emmanuelpozzer@utexas.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-6755-0176 AD - Assistant Professor, Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin., USA, c.rausch@utexas.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-8927-2285 AD - Professor, Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin., USA, fernanda.leite@utexas.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-4474 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The building and construction industry continues to be one of the major contributors to carbon emissions, representing 37% of the global share. Across the approaches being used to decarbonize this sector, the reduction of waste is a shared aim with lean construction. While previous studies have reviewed the associated factors of lean to decarbonization, the actual impact and applicability in real-world practice still require feedback from industry practitioners. This paper aims to address that gap with a mixed-methods approach that includes a literature review to identify lean enablers of decarbonization, and input from industry members to evaluate their effectiveness. According to the assessment, the main factors are the optimization of design, the enhancement of processes on-site and off-site, the improvement of transportation, and avoiding rework. Waste reduction is already included in these factors since they reduce different types of waste, including materials, time, and energy. The industry practitioners qualified optimization of design as the most impactful factor, while optimization of transportation was the least impactful and showed significant variance across responses. The participants highlighted that lean construction contributes to reducing carbon emissions while also decreasing the project cost and duration, which is a significant difference from other decarbonization strategies. KW - Lean construction KW - decarbonization KW - carbon emissions KW - industry experts. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2355/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2355 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction for the Sake of What? C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1126 EP - 1136 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0174 AU - Christensen, Randi M. AU - Arroyo, Paz AU - Schöttle, Annett AU - Ballard, Glenn AD - Sustainability Director, COWI, rmch@cowi.com, and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-7057 AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, PazA@dpr.com, and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-8172 AD - Independent Consultant, annett.schoettle@web.de, and Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-7320 AD - Research Associate, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, USA, gballard@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-8861 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lean construction includes impactful and powerful tools and techniques. For many years, it has been recognized as a management approach that helps the construction industry become more efficient and productive. The aim of implementing Lean Construction is mainly to reduce costs and time or to increase the value achieved for the client. However, with the need for a more sustainable construction industry, this paper calls for a discussion of our underlying assumptions on what constitutes waste and value, and whether we have the proper definition of the customer. Through a literature review and analysis, the authors highlight the original focus on value and waste behind implementing Toyota Production Systems and review the IGLC body of knowledge. The authors argue that as a community, we have been too focused on reducing economic waste and delivering value to the paying customer. As a community, we need to agree what value and waste mean and for whom. We must expand the stakeholder definition to also include future generations and nature. Moreover, we should discuss our underlying reasons for investing in implementing Lean Construction. Perhaps it is time for us to discuss “Lean Construction for the sake of what”? KW - Lean Construction KW - value KW - waste KW - costumer KW - sustainability PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2356/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2356 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Role of Digital Twin Systems and Lean Construction in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 905 EP - 916 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0177 AU - AlBalkhy, Wassim AU - Lafhaj, Zoubeir AU - NG, Ming Shan AU - Hackl, Jurgen AD - Researcher, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, wassim.albalkhy@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-8133 AD - Full Professor, Centrale Lille, CNRS, UMR 9013-LaMcube, Lille, France, zoubeir.lafhaj@centralelille.fr, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9176 AD - Professor, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan, ng@kit.ac.jp, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-3561 AD - Assistant Professor, Princeton University, USA, hackl@princeton.edu ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to explore the diverse applications of Digital Twin Systems (DTs) in the preservation, restoration, renovation, and conservation of cultural heritage. Reviewing 81 studies, it was found that there is a significant emphasis on preserving tangible cultural heritage primarily in Europe and Asia, with lesser focus on intangible heritage and other global regions. The study highlights how DTs serve as pivotal technologies that bridge the physical and digital realms, enhancing data-centric decision-making and operational efficiencies in cultural heritage management. Additionally, the incorporation of lean construction principles is analyzed, demonstrating that integrating these principles with DTs can further enhance preservation efforts by optimizing resource use, reducing waste, and improving overall process efficiency in heritage conservation. This dual approach underscores the transformative potential of DTs when aligned with lean construction methodologies, offering a path toward sustainable and effective preservation practices. KW - Digital Twins; Cultural Heritage; Construction; Renovation; Preservation; Historical Artefacts KW - Monuments KW - and Sites; Lean Construction; Lean Construction 4.0. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2357/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2357 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating the Perceptions of UK Construction Professionals on the Adoption and Implementation of Lean Construction C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1380 EP - 1391 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0179 AU - Phiri, Imram AU - Daniel, Emmanuel Itodo AD - Master’s Student, Construction Management, School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, i.phiri@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0009-0008-0631-8470 AD - Associate Professor, School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, e.daniel2@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-1845 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study explores barriers to adopting Lean Construction (LC) principles within the UK construction industry, with particular focus on how these barriers are perceived across various job roles. The study utilises a quantitative survey of 116 professionals, including project managers, contractors, engineers, architects, and support staff. The study revealed that financial constraints, organisational culture, and regulatory requirements are perceived to be important barriers to LC implementation across all job roles. Leadership roles (e.g. project managers) and technical roles (e.g. Engineers, architects) place more importance on barriers, perhaps due to their project direction and resource allocation responsibilities. In contrast, labourers and admin staff viewed barriers as less important. Future intentions to adopt LC principles vary, with technical, administrative/support roles and leadership roles expressing a stronger willingness to adopt LC in comparison to labour roles. This research fills a gap in LC literature by examining the role-specific perceptions of barriers, providing a foundation for tailored frameworks to support LC adoption across the construction sector. KW - LC KW - Organisational culture KW - financial constraints KW - Regulatory requirements KW - UK construction industry PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2358/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2358 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Revitalizing Language Action in the Last Planner System™ C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1266 EP - 1273 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0180 AU - Skaar, John AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AD - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, john.skaar@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-00032290-2374 AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AD - Professor emeritus, Dr. Ing., Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-43831683 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Last Planner System™ has been instrumental in advancing construction through improved collaboration, reliability, and workflow planning. Building on the foundational principles of the Language-Action Perspective, this paper emphasizes the need to make critical elements of project planning more explicit, namely: the importance of saying ‘no’ and the visibility of actual work. An evolution of the Should-Can-Will-Did framework is proposed by explicitly stating Shouldn’t, Cannot, Won’t, and Did Not. Incorporating these elements in the presentation of the Last Planner System emphasizes the importance of not taking the preferred outcome for granted while creating space for genuine commitment. Representing the work itself in the system's presentation highlights the dynamic nature of execution, reinforcing the integration of planning and doing. These refinements aim to create a more transparent, resilient, and actionable framework, aligning planning efforts more closely with the complexities of project delivery. KW - Commitment KW - Language Action KW - Last Planner System. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2359/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2359 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Use of Computer Vision and Object Detection to Measure Construction Productivity Using Crew Balance Charts C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 810 EP - 821 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0184 AU - Toledo, Mauricio J. AU - Lorca, Macarena AU - Mora, Miguel AD - Assistant Professor, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile, mauricio.toledo@unab.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-7260 AD - Civil Engineer, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile, m.lorcamadriaza@uandresbello.edu AD - Associated Professional, Instituto Profesional IACC, Santiago, Chile, mimora@ing.uchile.cl, orcid.org/0009-0003-4285-8670 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Experts in the construction industry identify artificial intelligence (AI) technologies as a key strategy for improving productivity. In Chile, construction productivity has stagnated over the past two decades. This study explores the use of computer vision and a machine learning (ML) algorithm to measure productivity reliably, aiming to improve processes and support data-driven decision-making. This research uses the YOLOv5 algorithm to detect workers' body postures from video and image data. Body postures are categorized as Productive or Contributory Work based on a predefined taxonomy. The algorithm was trained using 1,500 images extracted from 74 360-degree videos captured using a GoPro camera, representing over five hours of slab formwork installation. Experimental results achieved a mean average precision (mAP 0.5) exceeding 85%. For productivity measurement, fixed-camera recordings captured images at five-second intervals. YOLOv5 detected postures for key tasks, including: installing perimeter taping (IPT), installing plumbed props (IPP), installing supporting beams (ISB), and installing formwork panels (IFP). Results were visualized through Crew Balance Charts, comparing YOLOv5-based and manually constructed analyses. IFP exhibited the best performance results and most of detected images corresponded to Productive Work. KW - Computer vision KW - productivity KW - crew balance chart KW - object detection KW - AI. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2360/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2360 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Collaborative Online International Learning: a Catalyst for Advancing Lean Construction Education C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1516 EP - 1527 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0186 AU - Asnaashari, Ehsan AU - Sagoo, Amrit AD - Senior Lecturer, Construction Management Department, Chair, ADBE Digital & AI Working Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK, ehsan.asnaashari@ntu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-9428 AD - Head of Department, Construction Management Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK, amrit.sagoo@ntu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0009-0005-7619-3288 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper explores the implementation and impact of Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) as a pedagogical approach to enhance Lean construction education. COIL facilitates collaboration between students from geographically diverse institutions through joint projects, promoting international engagement without the need for physical mobility. Two case studies are presented, involving Nottingham Trent University (UK) students collaborating with partner universities in India (2022) and South Africa (2023), to demonstrate how COIL projects were designed and executed to support the global application of Lean principles. Working in international teams, students applied Lean to identify and reduce various forms of waste on live construction sites. Their digital collaboration, captured through Miro boards, along with reflective reports, was analysed to evaluate the learning experience. Findings indicate that the structured COIL approach improved students’ understanding of Lean concepts and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while also strengthening key skills such as teamwork, resilience, and digital literacy. Despite challenges, including time zone differences, uneven levels of participation, and technological barriers, the projects highlight COIL’s potential to instil a sense of ownership in students' learning and support their personal and professional growth. This paper demonstrates how a do-it-yourself (DIY) learning environment can successfully foster international collaboration and promote Lean Construction education within a globally diverse academic community. KW - Collaboration KW - pedagogy KW - sustainability KW - waste KW - virtual exchange. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2361/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2361 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean-based Analysis of Factors Influencing Metal Stud Framing and Drywall Workers’ Productivity C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 610 EP - 621 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0187 AU - Ehsas, Hameedullah AU - Rybkowski, Zofia AD - Ph.D. Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. hameedullahehsas@tamu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-9473 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. zrybkowski@arch.tamu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-5004 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Over the past five decades, the U.S. construction industry has experienced a steady decline in value added per worker, prompting researchers and industry professionals to examine the root causes of production inefficiencies. While much of the existing research on labor productivity has focused on broader industry trends and certain project types, the unique challenges faced by individual trades have often been overlooked. This study seeks to fill that gap by investigating key factors affecting the productivity of metal stud framing and drywall workers on commercial construction projects, using four projects managed by a national general contractor in central and north Texas as a case study. The research employed a combination of lean construction tools—including process mapping, individual plus-delta interviews, and a big-room meeting—alongside structured descriptive surveys. Results identified 20 major factors influencing labor productivity, with workers emphasizing 10 as the most critical: inadequate or limited tools, scheduling conflicts with other trades, inconsistent material and tools storage points on jobsites, excessive phone usage by coworkers, frequent interruptions, poor overtime management, long commutes to the jobsites, limited choice in work partner selection, excessive heat during summers, and insufficient training. These findings provide valuable insights for metal stud framing and drywall trade contractors and researchers, highlighting specific challenges that impact labor productivity and offering a foundation for targeted interventions based on the reported factors in this study. KW - Labor Productivity KW - Factors KW - Lean Construction KW - Drywall KW - Metal Stud Framing PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2362/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2362 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Paradoxes in Integrated Project Delivery C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 25 EP - 36 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0188 AU - Nwajei, Una Obiose Kriston AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Hellström, Magnus Mikael AD - P.h.D Student, Department of Engineering Science, University of Agder, Jon Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad, Norway, una.nwajei@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-4430 AD - Professor, Department of Working Life and Innovation, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, Jon Lillutens Vei 9, 4879, Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AD - Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Åbo, Finland, Magnus.Hellstrom@abo.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-0503 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a delivery model that has attracted increasing interest in both academia and industry over the past decade or so. It is based on enforced collaboration through a multi-party agreement, sharing risks and opportunities, common decision-making, co-location, and other means. There are fundamental paradoxes embedded in any project delivery model, and the ones related to IPD seem to be underexplored. Paradoxes are contradictory yet interrelated elements that exist simultaneously and persist over time. Because there is no unambiguous right or wrong solution to a paradoxical problem, it has to be resolved by balancing the considerations in question. This implies that the solution will always be contextual and that it can always be disputed. This empirically inspired conceptual paper identifies nine paradoxes grouped into four paradox themes that are central to IPD: relational dynamics, misaligned expectations, strategic dilemmas, and project implementation challenges. Through the examination of these paradoxes, we discuss and identify the inherent challenges in the adoption of IPD. KW - Integrated Project Delivery KW - Paradox theory PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2363/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2363 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Lean Approach to Productivity Improvement in Roof Panel Manufacturing for Modular Off-site Construction Using DfMA and Emerging Technologies C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 787 EP - 798 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0189 AU - Mehdipoor, Amirhossein AU - Hajiagha, Arash Rohani AU - Mehdipoorkaloorazi, Sahar AU - Iordanova, Ivanka AD - Research Officer, National Research Council (NRC) Canada, Ottawa, Canada, amirhossein.mehdipoor@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-2478 AD - Graduate Student, Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montreal, Canada, arash.rohani-hajiagha.1@ens.etsmtl.ca AD - Engineer, Falcon Structures Inc., Montreal, Canada, sahar.mehdipour70@gmail.com. AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montreal, Canada, ivanka.iordanova@etsmtl.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-2604 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The study investigates the application of Lean Construction principles to enhance productivity in modular off-site construction, specifically focusing on roof panel production. A systematic framework was developed, emphasizing Standardization, Elimination of Waste, Continuous Improvement, and Minimization of Time and Effort, which was tested through a real-world case study. Conducted at a modular offsite construction project in Montreal, Canada, the study involved light gauge steel structure panels covering a total gross floor area of 2,500 square meters. The adoption of lean practices resulted in a notable 32% improvement in labor productivity. Key strategies contributing to this success included the use of Design for Manufacture and Assembly tools, semi-automation, augmented reality for quality checks, and the 5S methodology (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain). These strategies collectively minimized waste, streamlined production processes, and enhanced labor efficiency. The findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and offer a replicable model for future modular construction projects aiming for productivity enhancement. By integrating these lean principles, the study provides a proper approach to improving efficiency and quality in modular construction environments, setting a benchmark for subsequent projects in the industry. KW - Lean Construction Principles KW - Modular Off-site Construction KW - Productivity KW - DfMA PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2364/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2364 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Off-site Construction Company Lean Maturity Assessment Using DOLC C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 763 EP - 774 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0191 AU - Macêdo, Gabriel da Silva AU - Rodegheri, Priscila Mirapalhete AU - Broggio, Lucas AU - Pinheiro, Gabriel Vieira AU - Lorenzon, Itamar Aparecido AU - Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista AD - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil – Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) AD - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil – Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) AD - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil – Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) AD - Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil – Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) AD - Departamento de Engenharia Civil – Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) AD - Departamento de Engenharia Civil – Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) industry have to reduce material consumption and eliminate waste. Regarding this, Lean Construction (LC) has emerged as an efficient tool. The company LC maturity level must be measured to evaluate its effectiveness and then to improve its implementation. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the lean maturity of an off-site light gauge steel frame construction company. The maturity model applied was Degree of Lean Construction (DOLC) for this case study, because this model is better fitted for the Brazilian AECO industry scenario. After that, the results were compared with related publications. The analyzis showed 65% maturity for the current case study, characterizing it as Level C of maturity in lean construction, higher than another’s publications. The results indicate that the company have a better LC maturity than other ones found in publications due to the synergy between the off-site construction and Lean principles, even without intentional LC adoption. KW - Lean construction KW - off-site construction KW - maturity models KW - light gauge steel frame KW - industrialization. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2365/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2365 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulation and Gamification in Lean Construction: an Overview of Current Applications and Integration Opportunities C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1023 EP - 1034 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0192 AU - Tuivai, Veronic AU - Bidhendi, Ali AU - Poshdar, Mani AU - Koohestani, Kayvan AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand. veronic.tuivai@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/ 0009-0005-1565-6568 AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand. ali.bidhendi@autuni.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-5859 AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 AD - Department of Built Environment Engineering, School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand, kayvan.koohestani@autuni.ac.nz, orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-3688 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry faces persistent challenges, including inefficiencies, schedule delays, and high injury rates, despite advancements in digital technologies. While simulation and gamification approaches have shown promise in improving efficiency, safety, and collaboration, their integration within lean construction remains unexplored. This study systematically explores the application and integration of these methods, focusing on practical implementation. Using PRISMA 2020 and Scopus as the primary guide and database, an extensive screening process with defined criteria was conducted. Through content analysis, key themes were developed to categorise approaches and their integration. Findings show widespread use of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Building Information Modelling (BIM), while digital twin technologies remain underutilised, and gamification remains limited to pedagogical environments. Integrating simulation tools with lean principles like takt planning and the Last Planner System (LPS) demonstrates transformative potential for time conservation and enhanced project outcomes. A social network analysis (SNA) was employed to explore relationships between fifteen lean construction principles and thirty-five simulation approaches. This revealed key links that enhance collaboration and workflow efficiency. The study highlights the importance human-centric considerations and industry-academia collaboration to overcome barriers and accelerate digital transformation, suggesting opportunities for better integration of simulation and gamification methods. KW - Lean construction KW - simulation KW - gamification KW - real-scenario implementation KW - integration. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2366/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2366 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Perceptions of Lean Concepts From Japan: Using an Interactive Game to Teach Lean Terminology C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1506 EP - 1515 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0194 AU - Ng, Ming Shan AU - Chen, Qian AD - Professor, Center for the Possible Futures, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Hashikamicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan, ng@kit.ac.jp, orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-3561. AD - Assistant Professor, Construction Integration and Digitalization (CID) Lab, Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna BC, V1V 1V7 Canada, qian.chen@ubc.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-9342. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lean terminology is commonly used and taught in the construction industry within the context of a production factory scenario, which could limit the perception of lean concept. This makes it challenging for industry practitioners, researchers and students to fully understand and implement these concepts in practice. Nevertheless, many lean concepts such as kanban that translates to “visual signage” in English are deeply rooted in daily scenarios in Japan. A comprehensive perception of lean concepts can potentially assist in thorough lean adoption beyond the production lines. However, there is little research that studies the perception of lean concepts in scenarios other than that in the typical production factory. To address this gap, this study presents the research titled “Beyond production lines: Perceptions of lean terminology from Japan” using an interactive game to teach lean terminology through relatable daily scenarios. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the perceptions. In the first phase of this study, 16 lean concepts were selected; four rounds of simulations were conducted involving 61 industry practitioners and students from diverse global backgrounds. The results reveal varied perceptions of lean concepts. The findings provide valuable insights and lay the groundwork for future research on lean education. KW - Lean education KW - simulation KW - lean game KW - communication. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2367/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2367 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Generative AI in Lean Construction: a Scoping Review C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 953 EP - 964 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0195 AU - Rad, Mohammad Hamed Ganji AU - Ilbeigi, Mohammad AD - Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, mganjira@stevens.edu, orcid.org/0009-0005-4502-1053 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, milbeigi@stevens.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-3808 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Large Language Models (LLMs), has the potential to reshape construction management practices. These novel solutions can transform lean construction by enabling real-time data analysis, streamlined communication, and automated decision-making across project teams. They can facilitate enhanced collaboration by generating insights from vast construction data sets, improving workflow efficiency, and reducing waste. Additionally, LLMs can support predictive modeling, proactive risk management, and knowledge sharing, aligning with lean principles of maximizing value and minimizing inefficiencies. Given the recent advancements in generative AI, it is critical to systematically shape future research directions by building on the existing body of knowledge and addressing key knowledge gaps. The first step toward identifying knowledge gaps and uncovering critical areas that remain underexplored is to systematically analyze the existing body of knowledge. Therefore, this study conducts a scoping review to synthesize the extent, range, and nature of existing studies that have proposed novel solutions using generative AI and LLMs for various aspects of construction management. The outcomes of this systematic scoping review will help identify potential research directions for future studies in this domain. KW - Generative AI KW - LLMs KW - Construction KW - Scoping Review. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2368/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2368 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of a Space Constraint Management Ontology for Lean Construction: Enhancing Constraint Management in Steel Fabrication Projects C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1035 EP - 1045 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0196 AU - Mao, Zeyu AU - Ahmad, Rafiq AU - Hamzeh, Farook AU - Gonzalez, Vicente A. AD - PhD researcher, Faculty of Engineering - Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, zmao5@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-7842 AD - Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, rafiq1@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9353-3380 AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering - Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 AD - Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Digital Lean Construction, Faculty of Engineering - Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, vagonzal@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-3863 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Effective constraint management is critical for the successful implementation of the Last Planner System (LPS), particularly during the lookahead planning phase. However, space-related constraints are not well represented in current LPS implementation. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a Space Constraint Management Ontology (SCMO) to represent and manage the intricate spatial management constraints during construction tasks. The SCMO is developed using the Ontology 101 methodology, an accessible and feasible methodology for building ontologies through a well-structured seven-step process. Afterwards, the SCMO is applied in the context of a steel fabrication project. SCMO conveys steel fabrication logistics and space-related concepts, including safety distances between factory entities, following Alberta's Occupational Health and Safety regulations. This study advanced the constraint management process in current LPS practices, offering a valuable knowledge base for improving space management efficiency and safety in construction sites. KW - Lean construction KW - constraint management KW - semantic web KW - ontology KW - steel fabrication. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2369/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2369 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Leveraging Geofencing to Enhance Safety and Achieve Lean Construction Goals on Sites C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1093 EP - 1101 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0197 AU - Chae, Myungjin AU - Hong, Younggi AU - Cho, Jaeho AD - Associate Professor, Construction Management, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA, chae@ccsu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-2854 AD - Department of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, Korea, 0027ma@hanmail.net https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2556-431X AD - Department of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, Korea, 11991030@dankook.ac.kr, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-4385 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Falls are among the most frequent and hazardous incidents in the construction industry, posing significant challenges due to their unpredictability and severe consequences. In addition to fall-related accidents, construction sites are subject to various safety hazards, underscoring the need for advanced technological solutions aligned with lean construction principles. Traditionally, hazard zones are marked using analogue methods such as boundary tapes. However, this study explores the application of geofencing technology to enhance construction site safety by providing real-time warnings to workers approaching fall hazard areas. Specifically, this research integrates two innovative geofencing-based safety technologies: (1) a smartphone-based alert system for fall hazard zones and (2) a location-based final job risk assessment tailored to specific work areas. The proposed geofencing system utilizes Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) footage to define fall hazard zones and work areas, automatically detecting worker entry and transmitting risk analysis data to their devices. By delivering real-time alerts and up-to-date risk assessments, this system contributes to lean construction objectives by minimizing delays, reducing risks, and empowering workers to make informed decisions - ultimately improving safety and efficiency on construction sites. KW - Safety KW - Geofencing KW - Smart Construction KW - Fall protection Lean construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2370/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2370 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Leveraging the Supplier’s Expertise Through an Innovative Organizational Structure C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 693 EP - 704 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0198 AU - Fadnavis, Aishwarya AU - Kim, Yong-Woo AD - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, ashf06@uw.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-4859 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, yongkim@uw.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-0700 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Effective procurement practices drive innovation, improve collaboration, and achieve timely, cost-efficient outcomes in construction projects. However, the industry faces persistent inefficiencies, including cost overruns, delays, limited technology adoption, and adversarial relationships rooted in traditional procurement methods. While collaborative approaches promote early stakeholder engagement, they often overlook explicit mechanisms to integrate external suppliers' expertise early enough to meaningfully influence design decisions. Specifically, current procurement models either emphasize price competition, requiring nearly complete designs before supplier selection, or rely on unclear compensation structures, failing to incentivize early-stage supplier contributions. To address these critical gaps, this study introduces an Integrated Coordination Framework (ICF) that strategically embeds early supplier involvement through adaptive contractual incentives and structured compensation mechanisms. Leveraging agent-based modeling, the research evaluates and observes trends in the proposed framework. Results demonstrate significant improvements under the ICF, including a 38% increase in design productivity, a 3% reduction in rework, and a 37% rise in technology adoption. By expanding on successful elements of P21+, such as Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) agreements and structured gainshare arrangements, the ICF ensures compensation clarity, timely GMP finalization, and strategic alignment of supplier incentives with value-driven outcomes. Ultimately, this study advances lean construction procurement by providing empirical evidence that structured, early supplier involvement, supported by clearly defined compensation structures, drives innovation, enhances efficiency, and reduces waste in the design phase. KW - Integrated Coordination Framework KW - organizational structure KW - agent-based modeling KW - pull KW - collaboration/ collaborative. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2371/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2371 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Applying Lean Standard Operating Procedure to Panelized Prefabrication in the Factory C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 751 EP - 762 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0199 AU - Zhou, Leyi AU - Li, Xinming AD - AD - ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study investigates the application and significance of Lean Standard Operating Procedures (Lean SOPs) in panelized prefabrication within the construction industry, intending to improve efficiency, safety, and sustainability and accelerate the diffusion of Lean SOPs within the construction industry. As a component of off-site modular construction, panelized prefabrication is widely used for rapid on-site installation and a safer and more convenient off-site manufacturing process. This study develops a Lean SOP framework and evaluates it by tracking and monitoring operational performance using a structured approach of time study, ergonomic risk assessment and expert discussion. After implementing the SOP framework in a case study, the results show that Lean SOPs can reduce time consumption by up to 35%, improve ergonomic safety scores by more than 50%, and reduce hazard levels to acceptable levels, thereby increasing overall productivity. KW - Panelized prefabrication KW - off-site manufacturing KW - SOP KW - efficiency KW - safety PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2372/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2372 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Worker Well-being, Suicide, and Lean Construction – Unravelling the Global Silent Killer C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1058 EP - 1069 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0200 AU - Araki, Matthew S. AU - Smith, James P. AD - Undergraduate Student, Construction Management, Brigham Young University, Utah, USA, ma834@byu.edu AD - Professor, Civil and Construction Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Utah, USA, jamessmith@byu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-5680 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Contemporary studies reveal that suicide rates in the construction industry have soared in the past two decades. Suicide in the industry is an international form of social waste that threatens the pursuits of lean theory. This study aims to advance the IGLC body of repertoire by i) providing an in-depth analysis of the status of the well-being of construction workers along with corresponding suicide patterns on a global scale based on contemporary studies, ii) establishing a connection between lean construction and industry-specific suicide risk factors and proposing a relevant framework for mitigating social waste, iii) proposing methods for intervention and future research for advancement. A total of 20 contemporary studies were carefully selected to be synthesized for this semi-systematic literature review. The CARE framework was proposed as a guideline for mitigating social waste. This paper promotes critical international cooperation and action and advances the concept of social waste within lean theory. KW - Lean construction; suicide; waste; respect for people; mental health PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2373/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2373 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Bridging Theory and Practice: Evaluating Lean Construction with Lego Simulations C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1494 EP - 1505 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0201 AU - Gazali, Abdhy AU - Aisyah, Rina Asri AU - Maharani, Yusuf AU - Putra, Prama AU - Ziqri, Alfandi AD - Lecturer, Building Engineering Education, State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Indonesia, abdhy.gazali@unj.ac.id, orcid.org/0009-0004-1391-6533 AD - Practitioner, Indonesian Professional Society in Lean Construction Management (IAMKRI), Indonesia, aisyah_rina@ptpp.co.id, orcid.org/0009-0005-0637-9925 AD - Senior Vice President, Strategy, Engineering, and Technology Division, PTPP, Indonesia, yusuf_maharani@ptpp.co.id, orcid.org/0009-0008-1639-9884 AD - Assistant Professor, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia, prama.putra@itb.ac.id, orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-9628 AD - Student, Building Engineering Education, State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Indonesia, alfandi_1503622039@mhs.unj.ac.id, orcid.org/0009-0006-0306-4300 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry faces ongoing challenges in quantifying the benefits of Lean Construction and the Last Planner System (LPS) in practical applications. To address this issue, the study examines data from 40 LEGO-based construction simulations designed to explore key parameters influencing project outcomes, including cost, waste, time, safety, defects, and Percent Plan Complete (PPC). Using statistical methods like correlation and sensitivity analyses can provide valuable insights. The research identifies cost as the most sensitive factor, while material waste management emerges as a critical driver for improving efficiency. Safety and defect reduction also significantly enhance PPC and overall project performance. By mimicking real-world construction scenarios, these simulations provide valuable insights into the practical application of lean principles. The findings highlight the effectiveness of LEGO construction simulations in bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and on-site implementation, offering actionable recommendations for optimizing construction processes and advancing lean practices. KW - Lean construction KW - Construction simulation KW - Last Planner System KW - Project performance. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2374/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2374 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Construction 4.0 Technologies to Strengthen Post-disaster Construction Supply Chain C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 705 EP - 716 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0204 AU - Nguyen, Tran Duong AU - Zeng, Qinghao AU - Pishdad, Pardis AD - Ph.D. Student, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, dnguyen458@gatech.edu, https://bc.gatech.edu/people/tran-nguyen, orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-4828 AD - Ph.D. Student, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, qzeng41@gatech.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-6800 AD - Ph.D., Full Professor, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, pardis.pishdad@design.gatech.edu, https://bc.gatech.edu/people/pardis-pishdad, orcid.org/0000-0003-4208-9755 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Natural or artificial disasters, such as earthquakes, pandemics, conflicts, and hurricanes, often lead to the displacement of people, damage to critical infrastructure, and disruption of the supply chain. Rapid and resilient post-disaster reconstruction is thus essential for communities to recover faster. This paper proposes a framework for integrating emerging technologies, including Building Information Modeling (BIM), Reality Capture, AI, Computer Vision, GPS/GIS, Construction 3D Printing (C3DP), and Modular Construction (MC), with Lean Construction (LC) principles to streamline and strengthen the post-disaster reconstruction supply chain. This paper identifies the common challenges in post-disaster reconstruction through a literature review, investigates technology-driven solutions, and proposes strategies to strengthen the reconstruction supply chain regarding speed and resilience. The integrated framework addresses four specific reconstruction phases, from rapid damage assessment and data management to planning, design, and on-site implementation. Our findings emphasize the importance of cross-sector collaboration, specialized training, and strategic investment in these technologies to improve disaster response, recovery, and long-term community resilience. Additionally, this paper provides recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders, highlighting how advanced technologies could reduce timelines, lower costs, and ensure a more sustainable and adaptive rebuilding process in the face of future disruptions. KW - Post-disaster Reconstruction KW - Emerging technologies KW - Construction 4.0 KW - Construction Supply chain KW - Sustainable Recovery Strategies. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2375/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2375 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploratory Study on Construction Workers Mental Health C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1286 EP - 1297 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0205 AU - Alves, Thais da C. L. AU - Liu, Min AU - He, Chuanni AU - He, Weilin AU - Hegade, Tejaswini AD - Professor, AGC-Paul S. Roel Chair in Construction Eng.& Mgmt., Civil, Construction & Env. Eng. Dept., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA, talves@sdsu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-9190 AD - Professor, Abdallah H. Yabroudi Endowed Prof. in Sustainable Civil Infrastructure, Dept. of Civil and Env. Eng., Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, NY 13244, USA, mliu92@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-7109 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA, che117@syr.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-6243 AD - PhD Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA, hweilin@syr.edu, orcid.org/0009-0001-2881-7499 AD - Graduate Student, Civil, Construction & Env. Eng. Dept., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA, thegade6574@sdsu.edu, orcid.org/0009-0000-5894-7836 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Respect for people is a foundational Lean Construction principle which has received renewed attention since the COVID-19 pandemic when mental health issues became a major discussion topic. While governmental organizations track deaths by suicide and fatality rates, little is known about other mental health indicators in construction sites. This paper shares partial results of an ongoing research project on construction workers mental health (CWMH). A survey was developed with support of an industry advisory board. The national survey was deployed in the United States and received 151 usable responses by the end of 2024. Preliminary descriptive statistical analysis reveals that 40% of the respondents indicated that they agree or strongly agree that their work is more stressful than they ever imagined, whereas 57% indicated that they had little pleasure in doing things at least several days over the past month, a measure of depression. Regarding belongingness, 74% of respondents answered that they agree or strongly agree that they are treated as valued members of their work group. Results suggest that while workers are under stress, and might show signs of depression, belongingness is a strong element, which can be used as a lever to address CWMH issues. KW - Construction workers KW - mental health KW - well-being KW - respect for people PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2376/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2376 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Reliable Delivery Order for Improving Workflow in the Construction Supply Chain C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 48 EP - 58 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0206 AU - Kim, Yong-Woo AU - Ballard, Glenn AD - Professor, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, yongkim@uw.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-0700 AD - Research Associate, Project Production Systems Laboratory (P2SL), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, gballard@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-8861 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Achieving reliable workflow on-site has long been a priority in the lean construction community, particularly as construction projects become more complex and uncertain. A reliable supply chain between an external supplier and on-site contractor becomes even more critical to project success as the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry increasingly adopts prefabrication and off-site construction. This paper addresses the increasing need for a reliable supply chain by focusing on ensuring the reliability of delivery orders. Recent studies on construction supply chains have attested that demand uncertainty leads to diminished reliability in the product flow of the supply chain, more so when external suppliers are not shielded against the uncertainty in the delivery due date. This paper introduces a systematic approach to enhancing delivery order reliability by applying the Last Planner to the order-releasing process. In this paper, we present a set of strategies to improve delivery order reliability, including organizational and contractual structures at the organizational level, supplier involvement in construction scheduling at the project level, and ensuring high-quality delivery orders at the process level. Moreover, we introduce three key quality criteria to enhance delivery order reliability as well as a set of metrics to measure delivery order reliability effectively, specifically DOR(%) and DOR(Δ) as a probabilistic distribution. KW - Supply chain management KW - Reliable Delivery Order KW - The Last Planner System KW - information flow KW - and production flow PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2377/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2377 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implications of Construction Robots for On-site Lean Construction: an In-depth Case Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 999 EP - 1010 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0207 AU - Hu, Rongbo AU - Mao, Jiazhen AU - Chae, Soungho AU - Yeoh, Justin K.W. AD - Researcher, Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore, Kajima Corporation, Singapore, r.hu@kajima.com.sg, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-1094 AD - CTO and Co-founder, Shanghai Weibuild Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, jiazhen.mao@we-i-build.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6108-7262 AD - Chief Research Engineer, Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore, Kajima Corporation, Singapore, s.chae@kajima.com.sg, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-2262 AD - Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, justinyeoh@nus.edu.sg, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-303X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction sector plays a crucial role in the global economy. At the same time, it is constantly facing enormous economic, social, and environmental challenges. Lean construction practices, ever since their emergence, have continued to bring many benefits to the construction industry. Studies showed that construction robots as an emerging technology have the potential to improve lean construction particularly around off-site construction, but the implications of robots for on-site lean construction have been rarely discussed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the implications of single-task construction robots for on-site lean construction on the micro, meso, and macro levels based on an in-depth case study in Singapore. The results show that construction robots can provide many lean construction-related positive implications for on-site lean construction in economic, social, and environmental aspects, indicating that construction robots together with their compatible operating environment and optimized work processes can be a meaningful and powerful tool for on-site lean construction practices. Furthermore, this study provides the first empirical evidence of the benefits of adopting construction robots in Singapore’s construction industry. Various key stakeholders in the construction industry can benefit from the analysis framework in this study at various levels when implementing on-site construction robots. KW - Construction robotics KW - lean construction KW - on-site construction KW - plastering KW - Singapore. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2378/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2378 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Continous Improvement of the Digital Last Planner System Whiteboard C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 846 EP - 856 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0209 AU - Pikas, Ergo AU - Jaagant, Rasmus AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, ergo.pikas@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-685X AD - Site Engineer, Mapri Ehitus OÜ, Tartu, Estonia, AD - A Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The first paper on this iterative action research was published in 2022, describing the digital Last Planner System (LPS) whiteboard concept and prototype development, and evaluation. The aim of this subsequent research iteration is the continuous improvement of the implementation of the proposed digital LPS whiteboard for design process planning and control. Using the action research methodology in collaboration with Estonian design firms, challenges were identified through the observation of two design projects, and solutions were proposed, implemented and evaluated within a third project. Nine problems were identified in managing design processes and in utilizing the digital LPS whiteboard. They fall into three areas: (1) individuals and motivation, (2) process and time management, and (3) the digital LPS's collaboration board. Four improvements were suggested, implemented and evaluated: (1) a standardized process for digital LPS implementation; (2) identifying causes of design task delays; (3) designer specific KanBan view; and (4) automating the preparation of meeting minutes, which provide information on project status, decisions, and visual performance metrics. The results indicate that these improvements increase the reliability of collaborative design planning and control. KW - Lean design management KW - Last Planner System KW - digital Last Planner System whiteboard KW - continuous improvement. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2379/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2379 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Scoping Review of Pull Planning: Good Practices, Benefits and Barriers C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 483 EP - 493 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0211 AU - Rivera-Nalvarte, Coraima C. AU - Villar-Vasquez, Jesús A. AU - Gutierrez, Yenifer A. Morales AU - Ramos, David B. Garay AU - razo-Rondinel, Andrews A. E AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, coraima.rivera.n@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0008-3629-0288 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, jesus.villar.v@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0008-8461-9711 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, yenifer.morales.g@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0000-5206-2340 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, david.garay.r@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0002-1786-3497 AD - Teaching Assistant, Professional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru, aerazo@continental.edu.pe, orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-573X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Pull planning is a key element within the Last Planner System (LPS) that promotes collaborative planning in construction projects due to its benefits, such as fostering collaborative planning. This article aims to identify the benefits, barriers, and good practices associated with implementing Pull Planning. The research began with an exhaustive literature review, analysing 124 studies, following the scoping review criteria. Subsequently, a list of good practices, benefits, and barriers was prepared and organized according to their frequency of appearance in the literature. This analysis allowed us to identify nine good practices for implementing Pull Planning, 11 benefits highlighting its positive impact on the construction industry, and 10 barriers limiting its effective adoption. The results of this research offer practical guidance for professionals who wish to optimize the implementation of pull planning, and researchers interested in delving deeper into this approach. KW - Pull Planning KW - Lean Construction KW - benefits KW - barriers KW - good practices. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2380/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2380 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Towards a Supply Chain Integration Theory in Offsite Construction: Insights From Industry Practices C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 645 EP - 656 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0214 AU - Zhang, Bochen AU - Prado, Guillermo AU - Rischmoller, Leonardo AU - Fischer, Martin AD - PhD Candidate, Dept. of CEE, Stanford University, zhang772@stanford.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-5150 AD - M. S. Graduate, Dept. of CEE, UC Berkeley, guillermo.prado@berkeley.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-1132 AD - Business Analyst, DPR Construction, leonardor@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-2692 AD - Kumagai Professor of Engineering and Director of Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE), Stanford University, fischer@stanford.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-017X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry has long grappled with managing the supply chain, particularly in offsite projects. The supply chain management (SCM) concept flourished in manufacturing and plays an important role in increasing transparency and alignment of the supply chain. In the construction industry, not only building parts and materials manufactured in factories offsite but the aggregation of these parts and materials into building components assembled in offsite facilities (i.e., offsite construction of prefabricated and modular elements) adds complexity to the application of SCM. This paper, which is theoretical in nature, reports on the observation of two supply chain integration approaches implemented by two California construction companies using foundational perspectives of SCM. The results include a summary of the observed advantages and disadvantages using the following six perspectives: (1) target project type, (2) contract type, (3) business strategy, (4) production management methods, (5) supply chain management practices, and (6) organizational culture. An outline of what might become a supply chain integration and management theory to guide construction companies in developing appropriate strategies to realize the potential of offsite construction projects is presented. The proposed theory outline will need to be tested through future experimentation. KW - supply chain management KW - modular and off-site construction KW - lean theory KW - case study analysis. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2381/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2381 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Adoption in Indonesia and Australia: Based on TOE Framework C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1392 EP - 1403 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0215 AU - Abduh, Muhamad AU - Shang, Gao AD - Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, abduh@itb.ac.id, orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-6665; Chairman, Indonesian Professional Society in Lean Construction Management (IAMKRI), Jakarta, Indonesia, abduh@itb.ac.id, orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-6665 AD - Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-5592 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lean construction (LC) has gained strong interest and is increasingly deployed in both Indonesia and Australia, two neighbouring countries with different development stages. While one is rapidly developing and the other is a developed country and has a relatively ‘mature’ construction industry, both face similar productivity challenges. This study uses the Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) framework to explore factors affecting Lean Construction adoption in both countries. Through multiple case studies of five companies from each country, the results reveal similar TOE factors, with notable differences, particularly in government roles in promoting LC. Overall, Australian firms took a slower, more isolated approach, while Indonesian firms had more interactions and collaborations with academics and professional bodies. This comparison is valuable in identifying converging factors and potential lessons for both countries. We remain hopeful that LC adoption will continue to thrive in the region and look forward to more research and industry case studies emerging. KW - Lean construction KW - Australia KW - Indonesia KW - TOE framework KW - actor KW - adoption PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2382/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2382 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What Types of Problem-Solving are Used in the Last Planner System? C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 448 EP - 458 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0217 AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Skaar, John AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N4846 Grimstad, Norway, trond.bolviken@outlook.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-2408 AD - PhD Student/Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, john.skaar@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-00032290-2374 AD - Professor emeritus, Dr. Ing., Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, N-4846 Grimstad, Norway, bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-43831683 AD - Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, lauri.koskela@taltech.ee, orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2281 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The paper presents the framework of Four Types of Problems, published by Art Smalley in 2018, and uses the framework to discuss how problems are solved in the Last Planner System. A problem is defined as any outcome other than the desired performance at any given time. The framework categorizes problems and problem-solving into four distinct types: Troubleshooting, Gap from Standard, Target Condition and Open-ended. The first two types are about maintaining a current standard (to reach the bar), while the two latter are about raising the standard (to raise the bar). The paper finds that Troubleshooting is in fact a dominant way of solving problems in the Last Planner System. Given that Last Planner is generally held to be a pro-active planning approach where tasks are being made ready for execution, this might seem surprising. Among other things, the reason lies in the project-based nature of construction. KW - Problems KW - problem-solving KW - Last Planner. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2383/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2383 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Exploration of Target Value Delivery in a Single-entity Design-build Organisation C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 82 EP - 92 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0218 AU - Shigaki, Jeferson Shin-Iti AU - Saito, Takeshi AU - Yamasaki, Hiroaki AD - Senior Researcher, Research & Development Institute, Takenaka Corporation, Inzai, Chiba, Japan, shigaki.jeferson@takenaka.co.jp, orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-6334 AD - Senior Chief Engineer, Construction Division, Takenaka Corporation, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan, saitou.takeshia@takenaka.co.jp, orcid.org/0009-0004-5262-8753 AD - Group Leader, Construction Division, Takenaka Corporation, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan, yamasaki.hiroaki@takenaka.co.jp, orcid.org/0009-0006-6309-9345 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper has explored Target Value Delivery (TVD) in the specific context of a single-entity design-build organisation. It does not attempt to recommend one ideal form of TVD but to discuss the possibility of adapting it to various business environments and cultural scenes. TVD stood out as a candidate for deeper consideration when prospecting innovation opportunities in value delivery by simultaneously tacking procurement methods and internal process reforms. Design Science Research has been selected as the research approach. The artefact is a modification of the TVD reference model to leverage the potential of general contractors holding full-fledged design departments - a different structure from cases reported overseas leaning toward three-party Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). The experimental design of a tentative combined model with existing practices was grounded on the iteration with and review of multidisciplinary engineers over the last 1.5 years. The conclusion was that abstract concepts entangled in TVD could be challenging to convert into executable processes when over-relying on behaviour change by parties with different interests and priorities. Rather, systematisations such as devising applications that somewhat forcibly yet friendly guide TVD workflow could be potentially effective. The next step is instantiating the mechanisms contained in the customised model. KW - TVD KW - Design-build KW - IPD KW - Collaboration KW - Process Improvement. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2384/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2384 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Direct Work Observations for Workflow Improvement and ISO 18404 Competency Development C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1573 EP - 1584 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0219 AU - Al Hour, Nour AU - Ebbs, Paul AU - Manu, Emmanuel AD - Associate, Transport & Infrastructure (T & I), Roads, WSP in the UK, nour.alhour@wsp.com, orcid.org/0009-0003-5630-1726 AD - Technical Director, T & I, Roads, WSP in the UK, paul.ebbs@wsp.com, orcid.org/0009-0003-5630-1726 AD - Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, UK, emmanuel.manu@ntu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-3681 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Direct Work Observation (DWO) is a fundamental Lean technique used to interact with site teams and observe critical activities to improve processes. The process of DWO includes planning the study, observing processes, collecting data, interacting with site teams and identifying areas for improvement. DWO are also reported as first run studies and time & motion studies, however, their use aligned with ISO 18404 competency development is unexplored. By sharing how DWOs were conducted, and the approach taken, this paper explores the dual role of DWOs to improve workflow and support Lean professionals in achieving ISO 18404 certification. Out of 25 DWOs conducted across a UK highway alliance, three DWOs are explored in this paper because they involved ISO 18404 candidates who were seeking to develop their portfolio of evidence whilst improving workflow. Insights from interviews with ISO 18404 candidates reveal that DWOs contribute significantly to both ISO 18404 hard and soft skill development, aligning with the framework’s requirements. Some challenges were also identified, such as lack of make-ready that contributed to waste and inefficiencies, the danger that site teams could feel they were being audited, and the risk that enough follow-ups to DWOs are not conducted to measure improvement effectiveness. KW - Direct Work Observation KW - ISO 18404 KW - Make-Ready KW - Lean Competencies KW - Alliancing PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2385/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2385 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of VDC Performance and Its Interaction with Lean Construction in Peru C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 917 EP - 928 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0222 AU - Romaní, Jordan AU - Gutiérrez, Adrián AU - Hilasaca, Alexander AU - Rabanal, Aaron AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, jordan.romani.c@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0007-3327-9713 AD - Project Control Engineer at Costa del Sol S.A, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, Peru, argutierrez@pucp.edu.pe, orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-1546 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru, 20140623@aloe.ulima.edu.pe, orcid.org/0009-0001-9691-5234 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru, t454000220@unitru.edu.pe, orcid.org/0009-0004-1477-0599 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The present study aims to analyze the performance of Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) in construction projects in Peru, evaluating its interaction with Lean Construction. Through a systematic approach, it seeks to identify how these tools contribute to the success of projects, improving efficiency, collaboration and sustainability in the construction industry. The research uses a methodology based on data collection through surveys and review of case studies. This will allow obtaining a comprehensive view of the main challenges and benefits associated with the implementation of VDC and Lean Construction (LC) in the Peruvian context. It was identified that the benefits associated with the integration of VDC and LC are consistent with the existing literature, validating its ability to generate value, reduce waste and facilitate collaborative decision making. In addition, the role of Lean tools, such as the Last Planner System, in the consolidation of planning and control strategies was highlighted. This work contributes to reinforce the practical knowledge on the application of VDC in construction projects in Peru, providing professionals in the industry with insights into best practices, challenges, and strategies to optimize implementation. KW - Lean construction KW - VDC KW - Virtual Design KW - Construction KW - Implementation. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2386/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2386 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparative Analysis of Construction Waste: Robotic Vs. Manual Offsite Assembly C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 775 EP - 786 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0225 AU - Hadi, Ali AU - Cheung, Franco AU - Adjei, Solomon AD - Doctoral Researcher, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK, ali.hadi@mail.bcu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-1283; Senior Lecturer, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq AD - Professor, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK, franco.cheung@bcu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-6315 AD - Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK, solomon.adjei@bcu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-6171 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Construction waste (CW) is a significant environmental concern that started to shape the future of the construction industry. Offsite construction (OSC) is one key approach widely praised for its capability to reduce CW due to its controlled environment where lean and technology principles can be applied. Despite the growing research confirming OSC capability to promote productivity and reduce lead times, evidence on material efficiency is highly limited. Hence, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a comparative case study to investigate CW generation in OSC. Two timber frame panelised construction factories were approached with OSB assembly stations chosen to investigate how, how much and why CW is generated and whether lean and technology uptake are supporting CW reduction. While Factory A adopted a manual station to assemble the OSB layer, Factory B adopted a fully automated robotic station. The results indicate that the robotic station generated significant offcuts, accounting for 27% of the total OSB usage, compared to 16% generated by the manual station. The application of lean and technology practices is found to primarily focus on workflow, time, and cost, with limited consideration to material efficiency. KW - Construction Waste KW - Offsite Construction KW - Lean Construction KW - Automated Assembly PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2387/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2387 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Harmonizing Construction Flow: Integrating Takt Planning, Workspace Management, and Lookahead Strategies C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 856 EP - 868 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0226 AU - Mengiste, Eyob T. AU - Garcia de Soto, Borja AD - Instructor, Civil and Urban Engineering Program, Researcher, S.M.A.R.T Construction Research Group, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE, eyob.mengiste@nyu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-7476 AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Urban Engineering Program, Director, S.M.A.R.T Construction Research Group, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE, garcia.de.soto@nyu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8105 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper explores an approach that integrates takt planning with real-time workspace utilization metrics to enhance its effectiveness and support improved lookahead planning. The proposed workflow leverages automation and innovative metrics to represent dynamic workspace conditions, incorporating non-permanent elements such as scaffolding, material storage, and temporary clutter, factors often overlooked but critical to construction performance. These metrics facilitate the definition of takt zones, aligning work allocation with spatial availability. By correlating the spatial positioning of these elements with worker productivity derived from prior site performance data, the study develops a framework for mapping takt zones. This framework enables planners to create lookahead plans that strategically allocate activities within zones, optimizing productivity. The methodology is validated through a sample project, demonstrating its effectiveness in structuring workflows and providing actionable insights for efficient resource allocation. The findings highlight the synergy between takt planning, lookahead planning, and digitization, underscoring the value of integrating workspace and productivity data into workflow optimization. This research contributes a practical, data-driven approach to improving construction planning. KW - Lean construction KW - Construction digitization KW - Lookahead KW - Takt planning KW - Workspace utilization PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2388/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2388 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Design and Production Planning to Enhance Collaboration and Secure Project Objectives in Megaprojects: a Reverse Approach C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1255 EP - 1265 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0227 AU - Schöttle, Annett AU - Haubrich, André AD - Dr.-Ing., Independent Consultant, Munich, Germany, annett.schoettle@web.de, Founder and Co-Director, CollabDecisions, orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-7320 AD - CEO, Ingenieurgruppe RUK GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany, ahaubrich@ruk-online.de, orcid.org/0009-0008-1541-0447 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Stuttgart 21 project, a major infrastructure initiative, aims to transform Stuttgart's central station into an underground through-station to enhance railway efficiency. This case study examines the integration of detailed design and production planning to address common challenges in megaprojects, such as unclear responsibilities, design gaps, fragmented communication, and misaligned stakeholder expectations. The study introduces the Integrated Design and Planning Meeting (IDPM), a novel concept that combines Lean principles with engineering and construction expertise to address the unique needs of the design phase. While the Last Planner System addresses similar challenges by focusing on planning coordination, the IDPM uniquely integrates defining and clarifying the technical solution, coordinating design clashes, and making design decisions with planning coordination in a single, structured meeting format. The research applied action research, enabling iterative development and improvement of the dual-focus approach through observations, workshops, and feedback loops. Its effectiveness was evaluated using a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The results show that IDPM improves transparency, coordination, and alignment while highlighting the value of clear communication, owner involvement, and a neutral facilitation entity. Even in late project stages, new practices can strengthen collaboration and design performance. KW - Design phase KW - Integrated Design and Planning Meeting (IDPM) KW - lean principles KW - megaprojects. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2389/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2389 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Good Safety, Health, and Quality Performances in Construction Industry: MRT Jakarta Phase 2 CP203 Through Best 5S Practices C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1070 EP - 1080 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0228 AU - Sasongko, Andung Damar AU - Mardiansyah, AU - Saputra, Rizky Agung AU - Sebayang, Aliset AU - Wulandari, Rias Nur AU - Widyastuti, Amy R. AU - Prans, Roberto AD - Executive Vice President Quality, Health, Safety, Security and Environment, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, andung.damar@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0008-3675-5962 AD - Executive Vice President Human Capital, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, mardiansyah@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0005-4040-5542 AD - Executive Vice President General Civil, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, rizky.agung@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0001-5801-6262 AD - Project Manager MRT Jakarta Phase 2 CP203, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, aliset.sebayang@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0008-0464-9807 AD - Vice President Health, Safety, Security and Environment, PT. Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, rias.wulandari@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0005-7091-4590 AD - Vice President of Digital Construction, Engineering, & Information Technology, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, amy.rachmadani@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0006-7600-6064 AD - Senior Analyst Health, Safety, Security and Environment, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, roberto.prans@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0006-3233-7793 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry in Indonesia has experienced significant growth in recent years. One of the major ongoing projects is the Jakarta MRT Phase 2, which extends from the already operational Phase 1, spanning approximately 16 kilometers since March 2019. Phase 2 is divided into two segments, 2A and 2B, with CP203 being part of Phase 2A. This study focused on implementing high discipline standards through the 5S methodology to enhance safety, health, and quality performance. Prior to the implementation of 5S in 2022, Extra-Process (39%) and Defect (29%) were the most common waste types occurred. However, as of January 2025, these issues have been completely eliminated. Awareness campaigns and management training have contributed to the development of an activity tracker, further strengthening the progress achieved. With a workforce of 754 individuals, including contractors and consultants, and a project duration of 1,165 days, the initiative has successfully maintained a record of 1,165 days without any lost time incidents or reported cases. The findings demonstrate 5S’s effectiveness in minimizing waste and mitigating risks while aligning with Lean principles to optimize “Safety, health, and quality.” KW - Safety KW - Health KW - and Quality KW - 5S KW - Lean principles PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2390/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2390 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Kaizen Events for the Development of the Last Planner System® Maturity in a Construction Project C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 471 EP - 482 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0229 AU - Ronceros, Kevin AU - Ronceros, Harold AU - Mio, Luis AU - Miranda, Oscar AU - Chicoma, Jose AU - Soto, Ricardo AD - Production Engineer, National University of Engineering, Lima, Perú, kevin.ronceros.p@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0005-1205-3833 AD - Civil engineer, National University of Engineering, Lima, Perú, hroncerosp@uni.edu.pe, orcid.org/0009-0004-4832-9232 AD - Civil engineer, National University of Engineering, Lima, Perú, luis.mio.r@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0001-3730-2016 AD - Civil engineer, National University of Engineering, Lima, Perú, omiranda@uni.edu.pe AD - Civil engineer, National University of Engineering, Lima, Perú, jose.chicoma.m@uni.pe AD - Civil engineer, National University of Engineering, Lima, Perú, luis.soto.j@uni.pe ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry has shown limited advances in innovation and productivity compared to other sectors, despite its global economic relevance. In response to this scenario, companies have adopted practices such as Lean Construction (LC) and tools such as the Last Planner System® (LPS), designed to improve planning and performance in projects. However, the adoption of the LPS is limited by partial implementation that limits the capacity of the system. This research arises as an initiative to develop a structured method that allows a systemic implementation of all the components of the LPS, supported by the Maturity Model (MM) of the LCI lean IPD focused on LPS and Kaizen events to strengthen the adoption of all the components of the LPS. The case study of development during 43 weeks in the construction of the structural shell of the new FIIS-UNI building. During the application of the proposed method, the eight components of the LPS were developed from the development of 43 Kaizen events during the application of the proposed method. This article documents the experience of applying the proposed method and presents a sequential guide of steps to replicate the experience in another construction project. KW - Maturity Model KW - Kaizen events KW - Last Planner System® KW - Integrated Project Delivery KW - Lean Construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2391/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2391 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Impact of Lean Training Programs on Behavior and Organizational Performance C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1562 EP - 1572 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0230 AU - Martinez, Eder AU - Pfister, Louis AU - Forcael, Eric AD - Head of Lean Division Civil Engineering, Implenia AG, Thurgauerstrasse 101A, Glattpark (Opfikon) 8152, Switzerland, eder.martinez@implenia.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-9421 AD - Global Head Quality, Implenia AG, Thurgauerstrasse 101A, Glattpark (Opfikon) 8152, Switzerland, Louis.Pfister@implenia.com AD - Professor, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile, eric.forcael@uss.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-4329 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Training and education are critical enablers of lean implementation. However, many organizations still face challenges in assessing the impact of training on individual behaviors and overall organizational performance. This challenge is exacerbated by a lack of robust research and well-defined frameworks for systematically assessing the effectiveness of lean training programs. This study addresses this gap through a case study examining the influence of a training program on participants’ engagement with lean principles and the adoption of practices into their daily business and operations. Data was collected from 99 construction professionals using a post-training survey to measure lean implementation levels. Results indicate that 80% of participants adopted lean tools and methods after completing the training. Evidence from various lean implementations carried out by participants after the training covered a wide range of business scenarios, resulting in both qualitative and quantitative benefits. These include reduced process lead times, increased production capacity, and improved communication efficiency. These findings offer empirical evidence of the effectiveness of lean training, contributing to academic discussion while providing actionable insights for designing training programs that deliver measurable and sustainable improvements. KW - Lean Training KW - Lean thinking KW - Training and education KW - Lean Training Impact KW - Organizational Performance. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2392/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2392 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing a Genai Methodology for Data Analysis in Industrialized Construction: a Lean View C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 965 EP - 975 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0231 AU - Sepúlveda, Italo AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - Barkokebas, Beda AU - Ebensperger, Antonia AD - PhD Candidate, Department Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Construction and Environment, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ilsepulveda@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-9344 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, lalarcon@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, bbarkokebas@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-1320 AD - Student Researcher, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, antonia.ebensperger@uc.cl, orcid.org/0009-0005-0843-5580 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The research explores the potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in enhancing data analysis processes within industrialized construction projects. The central question investigates whether a methodology can be developed to integrate GenAI into research workflows for construction projects. Existing studies highlight the challenges and opportunities of AI adoption in the construction industry but lack practical frameworks for its application in research, underscoring the need for this study. The study employs GenAI across three phases studies: analyzing standardized data from 13 projects to identify common patterns and best practices, processing 57 interview transcriptions from industry leaders to assess readiness for industrialized construction, and comparing manual versus AI-supported analysis using 39 projects from an online industrialized construction database. The findings reveal that GenAI significantly reduces data processing time, enabling researchers to focus on in-depth analysis. Key lessons include the importance of prompt design, the context of data inputs, and the trade-offs between generic and customized AI models. Building on these insights, the study proposes a GenAI-based methodology aligned with Lean Construction principles. The methodology was evaluated through a Likert-scale survey with seven construction professionals, confirming its clarity, feasibility, and applicability across various construction contexts. KW - Industrialized Construction KW - Generative AI KW - GenAI KW - Data Analytics KW - Lean Construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2393/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2393 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Bridging Problem and Solution Spaces: Developing an Innovation Framework with Lean and Agile Methods in Construction C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1416 EP - 1427 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0232 AU - Etges, Bernardo Martim Beck da Silva AU - Caten, Carla Schwengber ten AD - PhD Candidate, M.Sc. Eng. at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Founding-Partner at Climb Consulting Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil, bernardo@climbgroup.com.br, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-5597 AD - Full Professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS), Director of the School of Engineering at UFRGS, carlacaten@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-0974 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This research addresses the challenges of innovation and productivity in the construction industry by leveraging the Problem-Space Framework (PSF) and the Solution-Space Framework (SSF). The Problem-Space Framework (PSF) identifies and prioritizes organizational pain points, while the Solution-Space Framework (SSF) focuses on iterative solution development. These frameworks integrate Lean Construction and Agile methodologies to identify, prioritize, and address organizational pain points systematically. A previous paper Etges ten Caten (2023) had already developed the understanding of the PSF and the pain-point identification. Initially, the PSF focused on diagnosing and defining challenges through workshops, data collection, and prioritization, providing companies with a structured approach to innovation. Subsequent refinements incorporated Lean Construction maturity assessments, improved prioritization tools, and greater involvement of site teams, enhancing the PSF's effectiveness. The second phase of the study introduced the SSF, which emphasizes solution development through iterative cycles. This research aims to develop and validate an innovation framework that integrates the PSF and SSF with Lean and Agile methods to improve innovation and productivity in the construction industry. Agile methodologies structured the process, ensuring adaptability and collaboration. The phased implementation of pilots enabled incremental testing and refinement of solutions. In the third phase, the Innovation Framework was applied in Company R, incorporating lessons learned from Company M and further aligning the framework with industry needs. Tailored workshops and Lean maturity assessments enhanced its adaptability and impact. The framework results highlight the potential of integrating Lean and Agile practices to foster systematic innovation in construction, bridging the gap between identifying challenges and implementing effective solutions. The quantified results are under evaluation as it is ongoing research. KW - Lean construction KW - innovation KW - pain-points KW - agile methods KW - Solution-Space-Framework KW - Innovation Framework PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2394/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2394 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Takt Planning: a Reinterpretation of Adjustment Mechanisms From the Perspective of Slack C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 330 EP - 340 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0234 AU - Fireman, Marcus C. T. AU - Binninger, Marco AD - Founding Partner at Climb Consulting Group and PhD Candidate at NORIE/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, marcus@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-4715 AD - Head of Lean Management at weisenburger bau GmbH, Germany, m.binninger@weisenburger.de, orcid.org/0009-0006-3274-2481 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper offers a reinterpretation of takt planning through the lens of the slack concept, focusing on how adjustment mechanisms can address variability in construction projects. By analyzing 30 adjustment mechanisms identified in previous studies, the research evaluates how different types of slack (redundancy, flexibility, etc.) contribute to project stability. The study reveals that there is an intricate relationship between adjustment mechanisms in takt planning and the slack strategies, demonstrating that while takt planning is often criticized for its rigidity, it inherently integrates various forms of flexibility through slack strategies. The paper also highlights that there is a gap in addressing operational slack at the execution level, suggesting the need for deeper integration of micro-adjustments and day-to-day practices into formal takt planning frameworks. KW - Takt Planning KW - Slack KW - Flexibility KW - Complexity KW - Buffer. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2395/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2395 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Zonal Delivery Planning in the Construction of Infrastructure Projects: a Case Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 412 EP - 423 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0235 AU - Naser, Ayman AD - Assistant Professor, Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, an1401569@qu.edu.qa, orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9200 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Takt Planning (TP) is a significant Lean methodology being used in construction projects. This paper analyses the implementation of Zonal Delivery Takt Planning (ZDTP) in extensive infrastructure projects. ZDTP, grounded on Takt planning principles, aligns work processes to optimise efficiency and minimise waste. The study utilises design science research to develop a logistics framework that enhances resource allocation and streamlines process. An analysis is conducted on a real-world case study of a road construction project facing significant delays. The framework, shown via a sequential process, encompasses plan analysis, zone and sequence determination, plan optimisation, and buffer integration. The research employs a work density method (WDM) to objectively analyse the productive efficiency of decision-making and determines the best number of zones, takt time, and total project length. The methodology is missing in the current state of takt and ZDTP in road construction and has been extensively examined in building projects, yet it remains underexplored in infrastructure projects, with minimal empirical findings reported. Therefore, the conducted research presents findings from a case study on the application of TP in large-scale infrastructure projects. Results demonstrate a substantial decrease in project time by 36 days and higher efficiency due to improved team organisation, increased transparency, and optimised material management. The paper closes with suggestions for further research and the use of ZDTP in construction of infrastructure and roads projects. KW - Zonal delivery KW - TAKT planning KW - resources optimisation KW - work density method KW - project control. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2396/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2396 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Method for Designing Macro and Micro Layouts for Storage and Temporary Facilities in Residential Projects Based on Takt Planning C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 341 EP - 352 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0237 AU - Reck, Raquel H. AU - Fireman, Marcus C. T. AD - Lean Consultant at Climb Consulting Group and PhD Candidate at NORIE/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, +55 51 998711561, raquel@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0003-1928-3461. AD - Founding Partner at Climb Consulting Group and PhD Candidate at NORIE/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, marcus@climbgroup.com.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-4715. ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Logistics is considered a key element for the successful adoption of takt planning. However, there are few practical studies that demonstrate how the issue of material storage should be approached. This topic becomes more relevant when considering that takt planning, as well as other lean-based methodologies, has a greater focus on reducing inventories. Therefore, this paper presents a method for designing macro and micro storage layouts in residential construction projects to support takt planning implementation. Using the design science research methodology, the study relies on the application of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cells to represent storage areas, supported by estimated data from a case study and secondary data of similar projects. The primary goal of the method is to optimize space usage in alignment with takt demands, thereby reducing waste and promoting production efficiency. The results highlight the method's accuracy in determining the occupancy rates of different storage areas for the various materials required to meet the project’s takt demand. As recommendations for future research, the study emphasizes the integration of digital tools, such as BIM, to facilitate spatial visualization and the exploration of generic algorithms for layout optimization. KW - Takt Planning KW - WorkFlow KW - Construction logistics KW - Residential Projects. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2397/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2397 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Practices and Barriers to the Adoption of Digital Twin Construction in Latin America C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 598 EP - 609 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0238 AU - Martinez, Jhonattan G. AU - Giménez, Zulay AU - Salazar, Luis AU - Alva, Luis AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AU - Yeung, Timson AU - Sacks, Rafael AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, jgmartinez@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-4440 AD - Professor, School of Civil Construction, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, zmgimenez@ing.puc.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-1434 AD - Academic, Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile, luis.salazarf@usm.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7339-8935 AD - Master Student, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, 202310903@post.au.dk AD - Ph.D. Professor, Production Management Centre, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, lalarcon@ing.puc.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 AD - Doctoral Candidate, Seskin Virtual Construction Laboratory, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel, timsonyeung@campus.technion.ac.il, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0801 AD - Professor, Head of National Building Research Institute, Seskin Virtual Construction Laboratory, Technion – IIT, Haifa, Israel, cvsacks@technion.ac.il, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-5053 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Digital Twin Construction paradigm, built on existing concepts of Lean project production systems, Building Information Modelling, Artificial Intelligence, and Automated data acquisition, proposes a new mode of construction management that leverages real-time insights and predictive analytics to optimise production flow and mitigate risks proactively. Its potential adoption in Latin America has yet to be explored. This study examines current practices and barriers to implementing Digital Twin Construction-based production planning and control systems. A survey was developed and validated through the Delphi method, involving an expert panel to ensure reliability and relevance. According to the survey’s results and experts' opinions, technological, organisational, cultural, and economic factors have impacted the adoption of Digital Twin Construction, including lack of robust digital infrastructure, gaps in knowledge, and resistance to innovation. The research findings provide practical recommendations to support future research and industry efforts. KW - Lean construction KW - Digital Twin KW - Digital Twin Construction KW - Planning and Control KW - Automated Data Acquisition KW - and Building Information Modelling. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2398/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2398 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Impact of Project Delivery System Selection on Value Generation C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 105 EP - 116 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0240 AU - Chahuán, Ramzi AU - Mesa, Harrison AU - Zegarra, Omar AU - Barkokebas, Beda AU - Alarcón, Luis Fernando AD - Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD) – ANID BASAL FB210015, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile, ramzi.chahuan@uc.cl, orcid.org/0009-0007-8897-6524 ; Master’s student in Engineering Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. AD - Deputy Director, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, ozegarra@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-7637; Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD) – ANID BASAL FB210015, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. AD - School of Civil Construction, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile, orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-3610 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, bbarkokebas@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-1320 AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, lalarcon@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Project Delivery System (PDS) selection is critical for the performance of construction projects because it directly influences costs, efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction. Despite its importance, the proper PDS selection currently disregards identifying the most relevant contractual factors and their relationship with value generation. This study compares the characteristics and behavior of various PDS to address this issue. This paper uses a comparative literature analysis of four PDS models, i.e., Design Bid Build (DBB), Design-Build (DB), Construction Management at Risk (CM), and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), to evaluate their contractual factors and performance. The literature evidences that IPD may outperform the other models, and despite the type of PDS deployed, the most frequently used contractual factors are cost, time, communication, quality, and change. It is concluded that fostering the use of collaboration and integration processes in the structure of the PDS drives performance improvement and, hence, value generation. Further research must consider analyzing the effect of emerging factors such as sustainability and digitalization. KW - Lean Construction KW - Project Delivery Systems KW - Contractual Factors KW - Collaboration KW - Value Generation PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2399/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2399 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Philosophy’s Respect for People: a Key Driver of High-performance Projects on Large-scale Construction in Indonesia C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 59 EP - 69 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0243 AU - Wresniwira, Sastria AU - Adha, Nurul AU - Hazel, Fariz AU - Hernadi, Ananta Dewadana AU - Naufal, Achmad Luthfi AU - Widyastuti, Amy Rachmadhani AU - Sentosa, G. Aji AU - Mardiansyah, B. AU - Saputra, Rizky Agung AU - Fajarwanto, Agung AD - Analyst Digital Construction, Engineering and IT Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, sastria.wresniwira@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0007-5137-7253 AD - Officer Digital Construction, Engineering and IT Division, and Research Technology, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, nurul.adha@hutamakarya.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6506-0899 AD - Bachelor Student, Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, farizhazel03@gmail.com, http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1421-7507 AD - Bachelor Student, Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, d3.dewadana@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0003-6682-8003 AD - Officer Digital Construction & Lean, Engineering and IT Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, achmad.luthfi@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0002-3464-7673 AD - Vice President of Digital Construction, Engineering and IT Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, amy.rachmadhani@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0006-7600-6064 AD - Executive Vice President of Engineering and IT Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, aji.sentosa@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0001-5801-6262 AD - Executive Vice President of Human Capital Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, mardiansyah@hutamakarya.com AD - Executive Vice President of Civil Construction Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, rizky.agung@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0000-4174-8945 AD - Director of Operations I, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, agung.fajarwanto@hutamakarya.com, ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry significantly contributes to Indonesia’s economic development through infrastructure growth, urbanization, and job creation. Despite its importance, many projects continue to face challenges such as cost overruns, schedule delays, and inefficiencies. Lean Construction emerges as a promising approach to address these issues by focusing on waste elimination and value maximization. Central to Lean Construction is the principle of Respect for People (RFP), which promotes a collaborative culture, empowers individuals, and ensures psychological safety in the workplace. When people feel respected and engaged, they are more likely to contribute ideas, solve problems, and drive innovation. This study investigates the influence of RFP on project performance by integrating data from literature reviews, questionnaire surveys, interviews, and observations of Digital Construction (DC) implementation. The findings reveal a significant performance gap between High-Performance Projects (HPP) and Low-Performance Projects (LPP), where LPP scores range from 2.653 to 2.710 and HPP scores range from 3.256 to 3.406. This 0.546 gap underscores the measurable impact of RFP practices on project outcomes. The study concludes that placing people at the center of construction practices supported by digital tools can significantly improve efficiency, collaboration, and long-term success in Indonesia’s construction sector. KW - Lean construction KW - Respect for People KW - Digital Construction KW - Continuous Improvement. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2400/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2400 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementation of Progress Monitoring Dashboard Based on Last Planner System on Pavement Work: a Case Study of Bayung Lencir – Tempino Section 3 Toll Road Construction C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 529 EP - 539 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0246 AU - Fajarwanto, Agung AU - Saputra, Rizky A. AU - Sentosa, Gregorius A. AU - Azzaqy, Akhyaarul U. AU - Widyastuti, Amy R. AU - Winfried, Ariel AU - Wachid, Nadlirul AU - Nugroho, Dwi AU - Aditrianandaand , Audy AU - Mardiansyah, B. AD - Director of Operation I, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, agung.fajarwanto@hutamakarya.com AD - Executive Vice President of Civil Construction Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, rizky.agung@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0000-4174-8945 AD - Executive Vice President of Engineering & Information Technology Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, aji.sentosa@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0001-5801-6262 AD - Vice President of Engineering, Civil Construction Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, akhyaarul.azzaqy@hutamakarya.com AD - Vice President of Digital Construction, Engineering & Information Technology Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, amy.rachmadhani@hutamakarya.com, orcid.org/0009-0006-7600-6064 AD - Assistant Manager of Construction Department, Civil Construction Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, ariel.winfried@hutamakarya.com AD - Officer of Engineering Department, Civil Construction Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), nadlirulwachid@gmail.com AD - Senior Analyst of Digital Construction, Engineering & Information Technology Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, dwi.nugroho@hutamakarya.com AD - Analyst of Digital Construction, Engineering & Information Technology Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, audy.aditriananda@hutamakarya.com AD - Executive Vice President of Human Capital Division, PT Hutama Karya (Persero), Jakarta, Indonesia, mardiansyah@hutamakarya.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The integration of digital progress monitoring tools in construction enhances workflow transparency and real-time decision-making. This study evaluates the application of a collaborative digital dashboard in the Bayung Lencir–Tempino Section 3 Toll Road project, focusing on its alignment with the Last Planner System (LPS). Using a case study approach and Fishbone Diagram analysis, key limitations in progress tracking, constraint management, and stakeholder collaboration were identified. While the dashboard improved milestone tracking and data transparency, challenges remained in manual data entry inconsistencies and identifying and addressing constraints before they impact the progress. Findings highlight the need for predictive tracking, structured commitment planning, and automated constraint removal to enhance LPS integration. Recommendations include improving dashboard automation, embedding structured feedback loops, and integrating predictive analytics to support continuous improvement in Lean-based infrastructure projects. This study contributes to Lean Construction knowledge by demonstrating how digital monitoring systems can better support LPS implementation, leading to more effective planning, execution, and resource management. KW - Road Construction KW - Project Management KW - Last Planner System KW - Progress Monitoring Dashboard KW - Respect for People. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2401/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2401 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of Cause Mapping Method in a Building Project with Prefabricated Slabs C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 739 EP - 750 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0248 AU - Melgar-Morales, Mauricio A. AU - Villanueva, Sulyn Gomez AU - Foglia, Saul Ortiz AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, mauricio.melgar.m@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0007-6491-4134 AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, Redwood City, USA, sulyng@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-9880 AD - Lean Construction Consultant, JOF Consultores, jonathanofoglia@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0003-7485-4746 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper explores the application of the Cause Mapping method in a building project with prefabricated slabs in Lima, Peru. Cause Mapping is a root cause analysis technique based on the principle that a "root cause" is typically a system of interconnected factors rather than a single issue. In this case study, the method is used to identify, analyze, and propose solutions to the most recurrent quality defects observed in prefabricated slabs. Common defects identified are fissures in the slabs, misalignments in the modulation with respect to the plans, and incorrectly positioned or non-existent installation points. The study uses interviews and documentary analysis in projects of the construction company under study. The results show that many of the defects arise from discrepancies in the design drawings, manual processes in non-mechanized plants and communication problems between the parties involved. As a response, the study proposes optimizing preconstruction processes, strengthening design review protocols, and promoting the adoption of advanced technologies. A noted limitation of the study is that quality defect data were sourced from company records, which may contain inaccuracies or incomplete information. Future research could benefit from broader data samples and an expanded focus to include other scopes of work. KW - Cause Mapping KW - prefabrication KW - root cause analysis KW - defects KW - quality issues. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2402/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2402 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Study of Drone-based Reality Capture for Construction Management: Kaizen in Daily Huddles C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 881 EP - 892 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0249 AU - Zhou, Jiaxi AU - Chae, Soungho AU - Tanaka, Keiji AU - Hu, Rongbo AD - Researcher, Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore, Kajima Corporation, Singapore AD - Chief Research Engineer, Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore, Kajima Corporation, Singapore AD - Chief Research Engineer, Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore, Kajima Corporation, Singapore AD - Researcher, Kajima Technical Research Institute Singapore, Kajima Corporation, Singapore ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study explores the application of drone-based reality capture technologies in enhancing Lean Construction practices, particularly through the optimization of daily huddles. While prior studies tend to focus either on drone technology or construction management in isolation, this study integrates both perspectives by developing a practical deployment workflow and a set of reality capture tools tailored to typical stakeholder activities. A set of Lean-aligned evaluation metrics was designed to assess performance quantitatively. The proposed approach was implemented and tested in two real-world construction projects in Southeast Asia—one in Thailand and one in Singapore—representing the first time these project teams adopted drone-based workflows. Quantitative results demonstrate improvements in productivity, waste reduction, Just-in-Time execution, and stakeholder collaboration. The findings suggest that drone-based reality capture solutions, when strategically integrated with existing workflows, can significantly support Lean objectives. KW - Lean construction KW - UAV KW - Reality Capture KW - Daily Huddle KW - Kaizen PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2403/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2403 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Metrics in Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE): Insights, Challenges, and Opportunities C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 270 EP - 281 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0250 AU - Bøen, Sivert Risnes AU - Drevland, Frode AD - M.Sc. Graduate, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, sivert.boen@me.com AD - Associate Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, frode.drevland@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1564 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The Norwegian construction industry has experienced a 10% productivity decline since 2000, in stark contrast to a 30% increase in the Norwegian private sector. To address this issue, Virtual Design and Construction (VDC)—including Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE)—has gained prominence. Although metrics are central to ICE sessions for guiding decision-making and fostering continuous improvement, their practical usage often falls short of theoretical ideals. This paper investigates current measurement practices, the challenges they pose, and strategies for more effective implementation. A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with eight industry experts was conducted, and data were analysed using thematic coding. Findings indicate that while practitioners value metrics—particularly meeting evaluation surveys, PPC (Percent Plan Complete), and BIM-focused indicators—their deployment is hindered by participant selection problems, underutilized data, and technological incompatibilities. The study proposes a multi-pronged approach for improvement: automation of data collection, standardization of measurement protocols, fostering an open data-sharing culture, and continuous review of metric relevance. These recommendations aim to bridge the gap between theoretical metrics frameworks and day-to-day industry practices, ultimately enhancing productivity and project outcomes. KW - Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) KW - Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) KW - Metrics KW - Continuous Improvement KW - Lean Construction PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2404/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2404 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Culture of Quality C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1309 EP - 1320 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0251 AU - Villanueva, Sulyn Gomez AU - Rivera, Mauricio AU - Neyra, Mauricio AD - Quality Leader, DPR Construction, Boston, USA, sulyng@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-9880 AD - Researcher, LCI Peru, Lima, Peru, mriveram@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0003-7122-7202 AD - MSc Student, Federal U. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, mauricio.neyra@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0009-0007-7379-5798 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Developing and sustaining a culture of quality is increasingly recognized as essential in today’s competitive and rapidly evolving environments. However, what do people mean when they talk about culture of quality? We claim that this question has not been fully addressed yet. The theoretical and practical use of the term culture of quality or quality culture in the literature are diverse. Therefore, there is a need for a synthesis of the literature on culture of quality to explore and frame commonalities and differences across the range of implications. In this paper, we explored the blueprints of culture of quality and performed a systematic literature review (SLR) of this concept. We adopted an abductive approach to analyze 134 articles. Outcomes of the SLR suggest that the implications of a culture of quality refers to the collective values, attitudes, and behaviors that drive individuals and teams to prioritize quality as an intrinsic goal rather than merely a compliance requirement. Such implications had been captured in this paper to provide a comprehensive overview of what culture of quality means. KW - Quality KW - culture KW - culture of quality KW - quality culture KW - systematic literature review. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2405/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2405 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Devising Visual Systems for Quality Management in Construction C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1081 EP - 1092 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0252 AU - Neyra, Mauricio AU - Gomez, Sulyn AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Ronceros, Kevin AD - MSc Student, Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGCI), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, mauricio.neyra@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0009-0007-7379-5798 AD - Senior Quality Engineer, DPR Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA, sulyng@dpr.com, orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-9880 AD - Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, formoso@ufrgs.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3746 AD - Graduate Researcher, National University of Engineering (UNI), Lima, Peru, kevin.ronceros.p@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0005-1205-3833 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Construction projects face common challenges, including poor communication, distrust between managers and workforce, ineffective decision-making, and unfulfillment of quality requirements, often related to information management. To address these issues, this study explores the design and first run study of the implementation of Visual Management (VM) systems as a strategy to enhance process transparency and influence quality management practices in 2 building constructions in Peru. The VM systems implemented followed the underlying principle of process transparency and consisted of three levels: facilitation, discipline and engagement. First, enhancing process transparency facilitated early defect detection, as well as reducing hidden defects and common errors. Second, it focused on fostering discipline among craftworkers to engage in correct procedures. Third, it promoted ownership of delivered work from craftworkers, as well as trust and communication between project staff and craftworkers. The VM systems implemented presented an initial supportive strategy for quality management with low process control but enhanced integration and collaboration. VM systems require iterative refinement to address site-specific conditions and quality challenges. Recommendations for future research include the assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of VM systems on quality management, as well as quantitative studies with causation analysis to evidence positive impact on quality. KW - Lean Construction KW - Visual Management KW - process transparency KW - quality KW - information systems. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2406/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2406 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction for BIM Asset Management in Healthcare Facilities: a Systematic Literature Review C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 929 EP - 940 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0253 AU - Dulanto Cam, Gianmarco Rodrigo AU - Chamochumbi Chvedine, Renzo Antonio AU - Del Savio, Alexandre Almeida AD - MSc Student, Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, United Kingdom, gianmarcodulanto@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-6817 AD - BSc, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru, r.chamochumbic@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-3590 AD - Full Professor, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru, delsavio@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-6606 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become a transformative tool for managing facility assets across their lifecycle. In Healthcare Facilities (HF), its integration into Asset Management (AM) offers potential benefits, including operational efficiency, cost reduction, and enhanced patient safety. However, implementing BIM AM in HF remains challenging due to issues related to interoperability and data, organizational and procedural barriers, limited expertise, and resource demands. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine how Lean Construction principles can be integrated into BIM AM practices to address these barriers. A total of 23 peer-reviewed studies were analyzed from the Scopus and IGLC.net databases. The findings reveal that Lean principles enhance BIM AM by improving interoperability, enabling incremental data exchange, and supporting real-time decision-making. Collaborative planning frameworks, post-occupancy evaluations, and early FM involvement further align organizational workflows with lifecycle needs. Additionally, simplified modeling strategies and training initiatives address expertise gaps and resource constraints. The study contributes to the integration of Lean into BIM AM, offering practical insights for optimizing cost efficiency, operational adaptability, and long-term performance of AM in HF. KW - Lean Construction KW - BIM KW - Asset Management KW - Facility Management KW - Healthcare Facilities. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2407/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2407 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Agile, Scrum, and LPS Principles: the Development of a Hybrid Agile Lean (HAL) Production Planning & Control System C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 551 EP - 562 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0254 AU - Power, William AU - Sinnott, Derek AD - Productivity & Performance Manager, Arcadis, 4 Eastgate Avenue, Eastgate Business Park, Little Island, T45 X265 Co. Cork Ireland, williepower2010@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0000-0001-5791-846X AD - Senior Lecturer, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland.  Derek.Sinnott@setu.ie, orcid.org/0000-0003-3969-8699 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study proposes a Hybrid Agile Lean Production Planning and Control System that synthesises the theoretical and practice-led attributes of Last Planner System, Takt, and Scrum. The research was motivated by a question in the 2020 Benchmark: Can “agile” methods augment the LPS? The study is qualitative in nature employing mixed methods and consists of nine case studies on Agile, Scrum, Last Planner System, and Takt used on projects in Ireland. Interviews were conducted, and the data was analysed through thematic analysis and merged with findings from documentation, observation, and focus group workshops. Implementation of Last Planner System was examined across several projects and enhancements were introduced to address known shortfalls. Takt in construction was explored and a study presented improved delivery outcomes when Takt complemented Last Planner System. Scrum and Agile’s applicability to construction was reviewed and studies examined Agile in the design process, Scrum complementing Last Planner System, and Scrum complementing both Last Planner System and Takt was evaluated in a combined Hybrid Agile-Lean Production Planning and Control System.This study builds on the Author’s previous work and culminates in an artifact that synthesises Critical Path Methodology, Last Planner System, Takt, and Scrum into a single planning system. Future research should focus on assessing the HAL System across other construction sectors like infrastructure. KW - Lean construction KW - Last Planner System KW - Agile KW - Scrum KW - Takt. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2408/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2408 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Duplo® Simulation for Introduction of the Last Planner System® C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1440 EP - 1450 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0255 AU - Umstot, David AU - Umstot, Summer AD - President, Umstot Project and Facilities Solutions, LLC, La Mesa, California, USA, david.umstot@umstotsolutions.com AD - Principal, Umstot Project and Facilities Solutions, LLC, La Mesa, California, USA, summer.umstot@umstotsolutions.com ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Faced with the challenge to facilitate a 45-minute interactive session for a large group to introduce key concepts of the Last Planner System®, a new hands-on simulation has been developed using a design thinking approach. The simulation is designed for teams of nine participants using DUPLO® bricks. Gamification and serious game theory were integrated into lessons from earlier lean simulations to develop an experience that is engaging, informative, and educational. Key concepts to be introduced were identified including collaborative planning with those doing the work, visual planning and management, identification of key and interim milestones, pull (reverse) planning, identification of activities and hand-offs, forward pass of overall plan, working the plan, and reflection for continuous improvement. A first run study was conducted with 32 participants in August 2024 followed by a roll-out at scale for 80 participants at the 2024 Lean Construction Institute Congress in October. Subsequently, this simulation has been used successfully with project teams to introduce Last Planner System® principles. KW - Last Planner System® KW - gamification KW - simulation KW - lean learning KW - DUPLO®. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2409/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2409 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Thinking for a Digital Last Planner System C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 517 EP - 528 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0259 AU - McHugh, Kevin AU - Egan, Pat AU - Dave, Bhargav AD - Lean Consultant, McHughLeanconstruction@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-4585 AD - Pat Egan, BEng CEng FIEI EurING FCIOB, Operations Director, Mace Group Ltd. Pat.egan@macegroup.com https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1319-5115 AD - CEO, VisiLean Ltd, Finland, bhargav@visilean.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-506X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Lean Construction (LC) has emerged as a strategy to enhance productivity in the construction industry, with its effectiveness determined by how well its processes are implemented. However, its implementation is often obstructed by the traditional management hierarchy that dominates the industry and by a general lack of understanding of LC principles. This challenge is compounded by the partial adoption of lean processes on projects, which is further limited by the existing fragmented approaches and siloed management styles commonly found in the construction sector. The digitization of construction is recognized as a crucial factor in enhancing management and project delivery, as well as facilitating collaborative working practices. While digital technologies are vital, they alone are not enough to achieve the desired results; they must be integrated with lean thinking and a clearly defined production control system. This production control system relies on team collaboration, which is most effective when all stakeholders actively contribute and share their knowledge and plans. By using various digital tools, we can develop and improve effective lean production management systems throughout the project lifecycle. This approach allows for the creation of a centralized information management system, which is essential for supporting every aspect of the Last Planner System® (LPS). In this paper, we will explore a process for managing and enhancing the quality of a production control system using digital tools and lean thinking. Additionally, we will present a case study that illustrates how centrally managed information from the digital last planner system provided the project team with situational awareness. This awareness enabled the team to identify coordination challenges and respond quickly to implement improvements, enhancing construction delivery. KW - Lean Construction KW - Internet of Things KW - Production control. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2410/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2410 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - KHS&S – a Case Study of Lean Training for Trade Contractors C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1551 EP - 1561 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0261 AU - Leicht, Robert AU - Tormey, Blake AU - Walter, Rob AU - Asadian, Elnaz AD - Professor, Architectural Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University USA, rml167@psu.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-8141 AD - Director, Process and Controls, KHS&S Contractors, Anaheim, CA, USA, blake.tormey@khsswest.com AD - Chief Operating Officer, KHS&S Contractors, Anaheim, CA, USA, rob.walter@khsswest.com AD - DPR Construction, Newport Beach, CA, USA, el.asadian@dpr.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-7725 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The trade contractor community in the US lags the general contractor community in adopting lean methods. Using a case study, this paper explores trade contractor adoption of lean methods and culture, emphasizing supporting the adoption of lean by field crews. In addition to highlighting the potential value, a case study presenting the training program adopted by KHS&S, a framing and drywall contractor, will demonstrate one example of how the methods can be introduced and supported to support broader field implementation and enhanced construction value for projects. Results highlight the certification process combining classroom learning, observations of the learned methods, and requirements for creating and sharing an improvement that engrains individual learning and supports the lean culture across the company. KW - Craft workers KW - field personnel KW - and training PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2411/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2411 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Agile Approach to Implementing the Principles for Flow Design and Improvement: a Case Study in a Mining Project C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 505 EP - 516 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0265 AU - Rázuri, Carlos E. AU - Alarcón, Luis F. AD - Project Manager at Freeport-McMoRan - Cerro Verde, Arequipa, Peru. Professor, Department of Industry and Environment Engineering, Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru, crazuris@fmi.com, orcid.org/0009 0009-4587-467X AD - Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, lalarcon@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-2272 Production Planning and Control ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This study addresses the challenges in the construction industry by implementing Scrum, an Agile methodology, to apply Koskela's Principles for Flow Design and Improvement in a mining EPCM project. The research identifies a gap in integrating these principles into comprehensive project management. A case study was conducted in Arequipa, Peru, focusing on the installation of an underground primary crushing station and its associated conveyor system. The project was led by the owner's project team, who are also the authors of this paper. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to enhance the validity and reliability of the results. Cronbach's Alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the survey instrument. The study was applied during the engineering and procurement stages. Survey results indicated a positive perception of Scrum's impact, with high internal consistency across various constructs of Koskela's Principles for Flow Design and Improvement. Key findings include enhanced collaboration, transparency, and continuous improvement. Additionally, there was a 7.3% increase in Percent Plan Complete (PPC) over 33 weeks, demonstrating improved team adherence to weekly plan commitments. These results suggest that Scrum is a powerful tool for transforming construction project management. KW - Lean construction KW - Scrum KW - Agil KW - Last Planner KW - Flow Design. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2412/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2412 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Towards Enabling Sustainability-aware Operations in Housing Manufacturing with AI-driven Value Stream Mapping: a Review C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 976 EP - 986 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0266 AU - Mora, Miguel AU - Tang, Pingbo AU - Toledo, Mauricio AD - PhD student, Civil and Environmental Engineering, HMHI Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, mmora@cmu.edu, orcid.org/0009-0003-4285-8670 AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, HMHI Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ptang@andrew.cmu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-1326 AD - Assistant Professor, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile, mauricio.toledo@unab.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-7260 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions, with housing construction playing a significant role. Lean and technological approaches offer promising solutions for reducing emissions in housing, since Value Stream Mapping (VSM) enhances process analysis, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can optimize complex systems. This paper aims to identify the state-of-the-art and drivers of current approaches that combine AI and VSM to integrate sustainability analysis in manufacturing. The main objective is to gather insights from the manufacturing industry to develop an AI-driven VSM for sustainability-aware operations in housing manufacturing. Based on a literature review based on the PRISMA methodology, the authors identified that Internet of Things (IoT) approaches enable AI-driven VSM by integrating real-time data collection. Specifically, IoT enables real-time data collection, and AI enables dynamic process analysis for monitoring, optimizing, and controlling. Additionally, defining sustainability goals and assessing information quality is critical before integrating sustainability variables in AI-driven VSM approaches. This paper presents the research background, findings, recommendations, and future research guidelines to deliver an AI-driven VSM approach for reducing CO2 emissions in housing manufacturing. KW - Value Stream Mapping KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - IoT KW - Housing Manufacturing KW - Sustainability PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2413/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2413 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Project Governance in a Norwegian Municipality C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 221 EP - 233 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0268 AU - Grande, Idar Aasland AU - Winther, Erlend Vassbotn AU - Lædre, Ola AU - Engebø, Atle AD - Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, idarag@stud.ntnu.no, orcid.org/0009-0005-1349-5609 AD - Graduate Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, erlend.winther@outlook.com, orcid.org/0009-0002-8708-2864 AD - Professor, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ola.laedre@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-8299 AD - Scientist, Concept NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, atle.engebo@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-0176 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Project governance is crucial for the success of projects as it balances benefits, costs, and time. This study examines governance practices in a school project through Halsen Primary School. As the lean philosophy gains traction in project management, this paper explores project governance through the lens of lean construction. The research identifies key tools: clear organizational frameworks, strategic contractor selection, robust risk management, and building trust. While collaborative contracting enhanced cooperation and flexibility, it revealed gaps in accountability, potentially leading to cost overruns. This necessitates the establishment of a clear project owner role, the strengthening of value-focused risk management, and the tailoring of strategies to project-specific contexts. Early user and contractor involvement was crucial for efficiency and long-term benefits. These findings offer actionable insights and a foundation for improving project governance in public projects. KW - Project governance KW - benefits realization KW - IPD KW - lean governance KW - and value. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2414/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2414 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Embracing the Future with Leanbuild Software: the Rise of Digital Construction C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 869 EP - 880 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0270 AU - Musa, Muktari M. AU - Daniel, Emmanuel I. AU - Ahmed, Sa’id N AU - Enedah, Ifeatu C. AU - Job, Momoh AU - Haa, Samuel I. AD - MD/CEO, LeanBuild Limited, UK muktari@leanbuild.co.uk, macclimited@yahoo.com, orcid.org/0000-0002 9650-3125 AD - Associate Professor ( Reader) in Sustainable Construction Management, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK, e.daniel2@wlv.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-1845 AD - Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering and the Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction Management, Kingston University: London, Greater London, GB. s.ahmed@kingston.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0002-3815-0683 AD - Lead Program Manager, MACC Projects Limited, Abuja, Nigeria ifeatuenedah@maccprojects.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-9658 AD - Senior Lecturer in Construction Technology, School of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Construction, Property, and Surveying,, London South Bank University, UK momohj@lsbu.ac.uk, orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-8933 AD - Program Manager, MACC Projects Limited, Abuja, Nigeria samhaa19@gmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-7910 0714 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction sector is evolving as digital innovations redefine conventional methodologies, marking the rise of Construction 4.0. Lean Construction 4.0—a framework merging Lean philosophies with tools such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and Building Information Modeling, provides a strategic avenue for optimizing efficiency, minimizing waste, and advancing sustainability. Despite increased interest in digital transformation, research gaps persist, particularly in assessing the real-world efficacy and influence of software solutions like LeanBuild on critical metrics such as cost control, timeline adherence, quality assurance, and stakeholder engagement. This research bridges these gaps through a triangulated methodology incorporating focus groups, surveys, and interviews to analyze LeanBuild’s effectiveness. Findings reveal significant improvements: 76.4% of participants reported cost reductions, 86.3% noted better schedule compliance, 85.4% observed higher quality standards, and all respondents (100%) acknowledged improved stakeholder collaboration. The study underscores LeanBuild’s capacity to optimize workflows, eliminate redundancies, and ensure transparency throughout project lifecycles, from planning to completion. The study concludes that the successful implementation of digital tools requires thoughtful adoption strategies beginning with controlled pilot projects, careful integration with existing workflows, targeted training programs, and clear performance measurement systems. KW - Lean Construction 4.0 KW - LeanBuild software KW - Digital Construction KW - Project Outcomes. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2415/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2415 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Method for Estimating and Planning Carbon Emissions C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1197 EP - 1207 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0271 AU - Pedersen, Kristian Birch AU - Stefankovics, Glória AU - Marxen, Martin Veis AU - Wandahl, Søren AD - M.Sc. (CivEng), Master of IT, PhD, Part-time Lecturer, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, CEO and founder of Exigo A/S, Denmark, kbp@exigo.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-2046 AD - B.Sc. (ATCM), Research assistant, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, and Exigo A/S, Denmark, gs@exigo.dk, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6400-4182 AD - M.Sc. (CivEng), Senior Client Advisor, Exigo A/S, Denmark, spn@exigo.dk AD - Professor, Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark, swa@cae.au.dk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-6035 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - With a growing focus on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the entirety of a building´s lifecycle, it is necessary to analyze the often-overlooked construction phase, where, besides waste generation, heating, drying, lighting, and process electricity, both equipment and human labor contribute to emission levels. Building on the Location-Based Management System (LBMS) theory, this paper quantifies emissions from construction machinery and human activities, linking those to specific location tasks. Applied to several case studies and scenarios, including large-scale residential and commercial projects, the approach demonstrated the potential for identifying and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Findings highlight the necessity of aligning planned schedules with emission targets, suggesting that this integrated quantification method is crucial for compliance with upcoming climate goals and for developing effective emission reduction strategies and technologies in the construction industry, in alignment with 2050 regulatory milestones and EN 15978. KW - Location-based Management System (LBMS) KW - Takt Planning (TP) KW - environment KW - greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) KW - planning PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2416/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2416 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Collaborative Management Practices for High-rise Building Design C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 282 EP - 293 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0272 AU - Parraguez, Sebastián AU - Castañeda, Karen AU - Atencio, Edison AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AD - Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, sebastian.parraguez.c@mail.pucv.cl AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, karen.castaneda@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-6293 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, edison.atencio@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-5839 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, , rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Recently, interest in collaborative management practices in high-rise building design has grown significantly, as evidenced by an increasing number of publications in the last decade. However, existing research does not comprehensively address the effectiveness of these practices in design performance, nor does it provide a prioritized list to facilitate their implementation to improve collaboration and coordination in this crucial phase. This study aims to propose collaborative management practices specifically designed for the design phase in high-rise building projects to enhance the productivity of design teams and ensure project success. A three-step methodology was adopted: (1) identify activities that do or do not contribute value to design management; (2) describe relevant collaborative management practices; and (3) validate the relationship between these practices and design team performance. As a result, 15 key practices were defined, highlighting the five most important: phased project planning, long-term supplier relationships, solution implementation and tracking, verification and documentation of results, and efficient organization of project information. While these practices have proven effective, their validation in real projects and adaptation to different contexts, such as smaller-scale projects, are areas for future study. KW - Practices; management; collaborative; value activities; high-rise buildings. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2417/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2417 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Design Management in High-rise Building Projects in Chile C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 294 EP - 305 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0273 AU - Aravena, Benjamín AU - Castañeda, Karen AU - Atencio, Edison AU - Herrera, Rodrigo F. AD - Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, benjamin.aravena.d@mail.pucv.cl AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, karen.castaneda@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-6293 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, edison.atencio@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-5839 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, , rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Low productivity in high-rise building projects represents a recurring challenge in Chile, often linked to deficiencies in management during the design phase. This process, crucial for project coordination and success, is affected by fragmented roles, lack of integrated methodologies, and limited adoption of internationally recommended practices. Despite its relevance, little research has addressed how this stage is currently managed in the Chilean context. This study evaluates the design management of high-rise building projects by identifying design processes, characterizing the temporary organization formed by professionals, and analyzing their role participation. The methodology included a literature review, expert validation, surveys, and interviews with industry professionals. A total of 22 specific processes were identified across Preliminary, Basic, and Detailed design phases, and 12 roles were mapped to these processes. The study compares current practices with good practices from the literature, including project management standards and Lean, BIM, and Agile methodologies. The results reveal discrepancies between ideal and actual role involvement, operational fragmentation, and limited application of management tools. These findings highlight key areas for improvement in the Chilean construction sector and provide a foundation for future research. KW - Management Approaches; Design Process; High-rise Construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2418/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2418 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Method for Classifying Wastes by Making-do Using Machine Learning C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 822 EP - 833 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0274 AU - Amaral, Tatiana Gondim do AU - Maciel, Caio César Medeiros AU - Junior, Marcos Paulino Roriz AU - Paula, Gabriella Soares de AD - Full Professor, Environmental and Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil. tatianagondim@ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-4025 AD - Master Student, Program in Production Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, caiocesar.eng@hotmail.com, orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-4068 AD - Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, Brazil, marcosroriz@ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-0009 AD - Student, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, gabriella.soares@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-2838 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The study aims to develop an automated method for classifying making-do wastes using machine learning (ML) techniques. Manual classification of these wastes is prone to inconsistencies, especially in projects with large volumes of data. The automated method makes the process more efficient and accurate. The research is classified as quantitative and empirical, with a descriptive, exploratory and experimental approach. Data was collected using the Melius quality platform and covered six high-end multi-family residential developments from two construction companies in Goiânia. The data was processed in two phases: initially, compliance was checked manually and then the data was adjusted for the ml algorithm. Preliminary results indicate that the main causes of waste are related to lack of labor (67.11%) and problems with materials (15.48%). The highest incidences of waste categories were inadequate, sequencing (26.82%) and lack of equipment (18.21%). In terms of impact, the recurrence of rework (13.37%) and lack of terminality (13.19%) stand out. The neural network model showed unsatisfactory results, with a recall of 55.4% and precision of 53.7%. The study shows the potential of machine learning, but adjustments to the models are necessary to improve their effectiveness. KW - Making-do waste KW - Machine Learning KW - Predictive models KW - Automatic classification KW - Neural Network. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2419/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2419 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - TVD for Enhanced Value: a Case Study of Preconstruction Cost Optimization in Residential Buildings C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 176 EP - 186 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0275 AU - Lazarte, Frederick M. Gutierrez AD - Vicepresident of Project Managemente at PDK, DBA(c), Centrum Catolica Graduate Business School, Lima, Peru – Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru Frederick.gutierrez@pucp.edu.pe, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4559-276X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Target Value Delivery (TVD) offers a promising approach to optimizing cost and maximizing value in construction projects, yet its practical implementation in complex residential developments remains relatively unexplored. This case study demonstrates the successful application of TVD in a 35-story mixed-use residential building in Florida, achieving significant cost savings and aligning design with evolving owner value criteria. The project employed a three-phase TVD framework, incorporating early stakeholder collaboration, a Common Data Environment (CDE), and continuous cost tracking. Data was collected through project documentation, cost reports, and observations. The project realized demonstrable cost savings while successfully aligning the design with the owner's evolving value criteria. Challenges related to cost-tracking standardization (transitioning from MasterFormat to Uniformat II) and CDE adoption were effectively addressed through targeted training and process adjustments. This case study contributes empirical evidence to the growing body of knowledge supporting the effectiveness of TVD. It highlights areas for future research, such as developing best practices for CDE implementation, refining cost-tracking methodologies, and exploring the impact of TVD on other project outcomes. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of TVD in controlling costs and enhancing value in complex residential projects. The findings underscore the importance of early collaboration, rigorous cost management, and proactive strategies for CDE implementation in maximizing the benefits of TVD. KW - Target Value Delivery KW - Team integration KW - preconstruction KW - cost optimization KW - BIM KW - lean construction KW - CDE KW - and Integrated project delivery. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2420/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2420 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - PDCA for Team Performance Management in Lean-IPD C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 246 EP - 257 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0276 AU - Zadeh, Puyan AU - Alsakka, Fatima AU - Bhonde, Devarsh AU - Staub-French, Sheryl AD - Research Associate, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, puyan.zadeh@ubc.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-4946 AD - Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, fatima.alsakka@ubc.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-1875 AD - Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, devarsh.bhonde@ubc.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-5763 AD - Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, ssf@civil.ubc.ca, orcid.org/0000-0001-8328-9169 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Team performance is critical to the success of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) projects, yet existing IPD contracts and guidelines offer limited direction on monitoring and managing it. While Lean Construction tools can support collaboration and project delivery, their effectiveness is not guaranteed without a structured implementation approach. This study explores the team performance management approach used during the Detailed Design phase of a Lean-IPD case project through the lens of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, a suitable framework for structuring team performance management practices around continuous improvement. Drawing on the case study results, the research highlights the consequences of insufficient integration between performance monitoring (Check phase) and responsive adjustments (Act phase), where the bi-weekly Percent Plan Complete (PPC) for design tasks fell to just 23%. The results also emphasize the need to monitor broader dimensions of team performance, such as coordination, communication, and collaboration, rather than relying solely on workflow metrics like PPC, in order to support a more holistic understanding of team dynamics. The findings underscore the importance of having a systematic approach to team performance management and offer insights to guide the development of a structured PDCA-based framework for team performance management in Lean-IPD environments. KW - Integrated Project Delivery KW - Lean construction KW - team performance KW - PDCA. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2421/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2421 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Multi-criteria Decision Model for Classifying Best Practices to Reduce Making-do Waste C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 575 EP - 586 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0277 AU - Amaral, Tatiana Gondim do AU - Filho, Renato Rafael Del Grosso AU - Pessoni, Rúbia Cristina de Souza AU - Galo, Nadya Regina AU - Barkokebas, Beda AD - Full Professor, Environmental and Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil. tatianagondim@ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-4025 AD - Master student, Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering (PPGEP), Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, Brazil, renato.del@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-7129 AD - Master student, Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering (PPGEP), Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, Brazil, rubia@discente.ufg.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-6820 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Management, Faculty of Administration and Accounting Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil, nadyagalo@id.uff.br, orcid.org/0000-0001-6641-5610 AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, bbarkokebas@uc.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-1320 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model, combining the Fuzzy-Delphi and TOPSIS techniques, to support managers in making decisions to determine management practices with the best impact to improve efficiency and reduce waste while guaranteeing the prerequisites of planned activities. The approach combined the opinions of decision-makers interviewed and later integrated into a decision matrix involving multiple criteria, the subjectivity of the views in classifying alternatives, and the weights assigned. The proposed model showed the diversity of the model's application and the importance of the results guaranteeing a complete kit for reducing making-do waste. It is concluded that the three best management solutions that most influence the guarantee of the prerequisite activities are process standardization, event simulation, and Lean practices. KW - Improvisation KW - categories KW - impacts KW - making-do waste KW - civil construction. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2422/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2422 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Target Value Maturity Model for Performance Target Management in the Design Phase of Lean Construction Projects C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 199 EP - 210 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0278 AU - Ouma, Lorine AU - Leicht, Robert AU - Messner, John AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, lao5206@psu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-3284 AD - Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, rml167@psu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-8141 AD - Charles and Elinor Matts Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Director, Computer Integrated Construction (CIC) Research Group, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, jim101@psu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-1628 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Inconsistent application of target value processes limits the achievement of performance outcomes in value-driven Lean design. Current target value practices are also cost-centric, sidelining other aspects of performance value. Maturity models have been used to introduce consistency in Lean practices implementation. This paper presents a target value maturity model (TVMM) that aims to support consistent target value practices. It defines target value functions and processes that drive design toward holistic performance targets beyond cost. The TVMM was developed through a structure maturity model creation methodology. It specifies four maturity functions: value planning, control, alignment, and learning, and further defines fifteen target value attributes. Project teams can assess their maturity across six levels from non-existent, to initial, managed, defined, quantitatively managed, and optimized. The model was internally evaluated through three iterations. Clarity on target value functions presented in the model can support consistent implementation and assessment of target value practices in the design phase of projects. The model can also guide alignment of design efforts with targets. Future work will validate this model with industry experts and a case study project. KW - Lean design KW - target value design KW - design management KW - maturity models KW - collaboration. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2423/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2423 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Meaning of Work in Construction: an Individual Well-being Perspective C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1274 EP - 1285 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0279 AU - Skinnarland, Sol AU - Alves, Thais da C. L. AU - Desmarais, Dominic AD - Associate Professor, Department of Welfare, Management and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway. sol.skinnarland@hiof.no, orcid.org/00090001-9782-2224 AD - Professor, AGC-Paul S. Roel Chair in Construction Eng. & Mgmt., Civil, Construction, and Env. Engineering Dept. San Diego State University. San Diego, USA. talves@sdsu.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-9190 AD - Graduate Student, Civil Engineering and Management, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, ddesmar1@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0009-0002-0506-5041 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Scholars for decades have shown an interest in the meaning that work holds for individuals. In terms of meaning of work in the context of the construction industry, research points to challenges faced by workers and managers that may compromise health and well-being. A major concern faced by this industry globally is a shortage of labor. Research shows that this apparent impact of such labor shortages has implications on society, industry, projects, and individuals. In this paper we shed light on the opportunities and challenges inherent in construction work and discuss how the Last Planner System® (LPS) can act as a catalyst to creating a meaningful and prosperous work life for construction project participants. We also argue that improving the well-being of construction workers depends on several factors, one being the understanding and deployment approach to LPS. Our perspective in the discussion on the connection between experiencing a meaningful work life and the use of LPS in construction projects is that of the individual worker. As a result of our discussion, we offer suggestions for questions to be explored in future research. KW - Belonging KW - Last Planner System® KW - motivation KW - respect for people KW - well-being PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2424/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2424 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Teaching Lean Construction: an Overview of Trends and Future C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1528 EP - 1539 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0281 AU - Forcael, Eric AU - Gonzalez, Vicente A. AU - Herrera, Rodrigo AU - Martínez, Eder AU - Francesconi, Caroll AD - Professor, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4081339, Chile; eric.forcael@uss.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-4329 AD - Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Digital Lean Construction, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H5, Canada; vagonzal@ualberta.ca, orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-3863 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362804, Chile; rodrigo.herrera@pucv.cl, orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-3154 AD - Head of Lean Division Civil Engineering, Implenia AG, Thurgauerstrasse 101A, Glattpark (Opfikon) 8152, Switzerland, eder.martinez@implenia.com, orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-9421 AD - Director of Graduate Academic Affairs and Development, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4081339, Chile; caroll.francesconi@uss.cl, orcid.org/0009-0008-0667-1805 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Since its inception in the early 1990s, Lean Construction (LC) has had a significant impact on the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Under this philosophy, various methods have been developed to apply Lean practices in AEC. A fundamental first step is to begin with higher education institutions that train future construction professionals. Consequently, this research aimed to identify the main current and future trends in teaching LC. Additionally, it aimed to assess how such teaching aligns with the most commonly employed didactic techniques in AEC education. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted among professors and practitioners from different parts of the world, revealing interesting findings, including the predominance of tools such as the Last Planner System in teaching LC, and that the Case Study approach as the most utilized in the classroom from a didactic view. KW - Lean Construction KW - AEC Education KW - Teaching KW - Didactic Techniques. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2425/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2425 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Project Management From the Perspective of Enterprise Architecture C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 234 EP - 245 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0283 AU - Forcael, Eric AU - Burgos, Adrián AU - Atencio, Edison AU - Rivera, Felipe Muñoz-La AU - Valdebenito, Reinaldo AD - Professor, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4081339, Chile; eric.forcael@uss.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-4329 AD - Deputy Manager of Engineering Specialties and Director of BIM projects, Pares & Álvarez Engineering, Consulting Division, Concepción 4602915, Chile; adrian.burgos@pya.cl AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362804, Chile; edison.atencio@pucv.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-5839 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362804, Chile; felipe.munoz@pucv.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-2168 AD - Lecturer, Department of Construction and Risk Prevention, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Concepción 4603255, Chile; reinaldo.valdebenito@usm.cl, orcid.org/0009-0003-8384-032X ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Modern Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) projects require integrated approaches for efficiency and sustainability. Lean Construction (LC) optimizes processes and minimizes waste, but cultural resistance and limited stakeholder engagement hinder its adoption. Enterprise Architecture (EA) aligns strategies with technological and operational processes, enhancing decision-making and resource use. This study examines the combined impact of LC and EA on project outcomes, utilizing practices, developing strategies, and validating findings through a focus group at a large engineering firm. Results indicate that integrating these frameworks improves project coordination, reduces inefficiencies, and fosters continuous improvement, despite challenges like resistance to change and training gaps. The study highlights interdisciplinary approaches that unite technology, processes, and people. Combining LC with a robust EA framework enhances collaboration, agility, and alignment, promoting sustainable innovation in the AEC sector. KW - Lean Construction KW - Enterprise Architecture KW - Project Management KW - AEC industry. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2426/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2426 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Barriers From the Organizational Culture Lens C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1321 EP - 1332 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0284 AU - Romo, Rubén AU - Orozco, Francisco AU - Moreno, Francisco AU - Francesconi, Caroll AU - Valdebenito, Reinaldo AU - Forcael, Eric AD - Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, Guadalajara 45010, México; rromog@up.edu.mx, orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-0173 AD - Professor, School of Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, Guadalajara 45010, México; forozco@up.edu.mx, orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-1026 AD - Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, Guadalajara 45010, México; fmorenoa@up.edu.mx, orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-9350 AD - Director of Graduate Academic Affairs and Development, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4081339, Chile; caroll.francesconi@uss.cl, orcid.org/0009-0008-0667-1805 AD - Lecturer, Department of Construction and Risk Prevention, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Concepción 4603255, Chile; reinaldo.valdebenito@usm.cl, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8384-032X AD - Professor, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4081339, Chile; eric.forcael@uss.cl, orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-4329 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Organizational culture is vital for adopting Lean Construction (LC) methodologies in the construction industry. LC maximizes customer value by minimizing waste and optimizing processes. Implementing this philosophy necessitates a shift in values, attitudes, and behaviors. A culture promoting collaboration, innovation, and continuous improvement aids the acceptance of Lean principles, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Effective leadership and employee engagement are essential to tackle barriers, like resistance to change and lack of strategic alignment. Organizational culture aligns individual and organizational goals, fostering open communication and continuous learning. This study shows how organizations amplify LC benefits by integrating its principles with a culture of adaptability, shared responsibility, and operational excellence, boosting productivity and positioning companies as leaders in a competitive and innovation-driven sector. KW - Lean Construction KW - Organizational Culture KW - Barriers KW - Partial Least Squares. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2427/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2427 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementation of VDC in the Construction Stage of a Hospital: a Case Study C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 622 EP - 633 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0287 AU - Alvarez, Adrian R. Gutiérrez AU - Quispe, Ronald R. Nuñez AU - Escobar, Isaac M. Ccoyllar AU - Melgar-Morales, Mauricio A. AU - Linares, Felipe M. Arteaga AU - Pacheco, David A. Manrique AD - Project Control Engineer at Costa del Sol S.A, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, Peru, argutierrez@pucp.edu.pe, orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1391-1546 AD - Junior Production Engineer at Cosapi, Peru, rnunez@cosapi.com.pe, orcid.org/0009-0006-0993-4442 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, isaac.ccoyllar.e@uni.pe, orcid.org/0000-0003-3736-0993 AD - Student Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, mauricio.melgar.m@uni.pe, orcid.org/0009-0007-6491-4134 AD - Project Manager at Cosapi, Lima, Peru, farteaga@cosapi.com.pe, orcid.org/0009-0009-4641-3058 AD - Production Engineer at Cosapi, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru, davidmanpa@gmail.com, orcid.org/0009-0001-4220-1439 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction industry faces a number of challenges, including cost increases, schedule delays, and dissatisfied customers. The Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) methodology has emerged as a response to this. However, there is a research gap on the applications and results of VDC specifically in hospital projects. This study focuses on how the implementation of VDC influenced the results of the hospital project in the construction phase and its monitoring through metrics, using on-site observations, document analysis, and unstructured interviews as sources of evidence. Among the results, a 22% reduction in the time for dismantling the tower crane was achieved, a 24% reduction in the time for constructing the structural shell, and a saving of 25,000-man hours in the formwork, steel, and concrete items. In addition, the safety goal of zero accidents was met. KW - Hospital KW - Virtual Design and Construction KW - VDC KW - productivity KW - case study PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2428/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2428 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of the Integration Between Digital Twins and Lean Construction for Construction Projects C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 941 EP - 952 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0288 AU - , Jorge Mauricio Ramirez AU - Iordanova, Ivanka AD - PhD Candidate, Département de génie de la construction, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Canada, jorge-mauricio.ramirez-velasquez.1@ens.etsmtl.ca, orcid.org/0009-0009-0332-6042 AD - Professor, Département de génie de la construction, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Canada, ivanka.iordanova@etsmtl.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-2604 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - In recent years, academics and stakeholders in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry have developed strategies to address the issue of low productivity, resulting in the emergence of two distinct approaches: the 'managerial' and the 'technological'. Recently, researchers have advocated the integration of these approaches, in particular by exploring the potential for an integrated implementation of the Digital Twin (DT) concept and Lean Construction (LC) theory. In order to contribute to the theoretical foundation of this integration, this study investigates the theoretical feasibility of an integration between DT and LC in the context of construction projects by adopting a mixed methods research approach, combining literature review with a hybrid analytical approach. The following general research question is addressed: "Is a synergy between the DT concept and the LC theory feasible and beneficial in the context of construction projects? If ‘yes’, in what contexts and how?” As a novelty, this study explores possible interactions between the principles, functionalities, potentials, barriers and challenges of both DT and LC in order to theorize the positive and negative aspects of this integration in the context of construction projects. Preliminary results show that some of the barriers that prevent the full use of LC in the execution of construction projects can be overcome if its implementation is supported by a technological application based on the concept of DT. In turn, a DT application can add value to the process and the final product, thus addressing some of the challenges to its wider adoption in the construction phase of AEC projects. KW - Lean construction (LC) KW - Digital Twin (DT) KW - DT-LC integration KW - construction productivity. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2429/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2429 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean in Action: BZI’s Innovation Process for Steel Erection C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 258 EP - 269 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0289 AU - Hoots, Adam AU - Nalder, Corinne AU - Jeffs, James AU - Clarke, Shima AU - Henry, Alex AD - PhD Candidate and Instructor, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA ahoots@clemson.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0383-8437 AD - Project Engineer, Clayco, Reno, NV, USA corienalder@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5302-6253 AD - Project Executive, Building Zone Industries (BZI), Cedar City, UT, USA jamesjeffs@bzi.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8933-4638 AD - Professor and Interim Associate Dean of the College of Architecture, Art, and Construction, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA shimac@clemson.edu, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4962-5089 AD - Project Manager, Industrial Project Innovation (IPI), Greenville, SC, USA alex.henry@ipi.build, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1851-8866 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The steel erection sector of the construction industry continues to wrestle with persistent challenges, including safety concerns, workforce inefficiencies, and hesitance toward adopting new practices. This study explores how Building Zone Industries (BZI) aligns Lean Construction principles with innovative solutions to overcome these constraints efficiently and effectively. This case study of BZI's innovation process highlights two examples of unique, innovative, and proprietary BZI tools: the Unilink and Wide Swivel Carriage, both custom-designed to address the specific needs of a mega industrial manufacturing plant. These technologies were conceived from direct communication in the field, brainstorming, and testing. Central to BZI’s approach is the culture of innovation which is focused on safety. Their core values drive the innovation process, which rapidly transitions ideas from conceptualization to deployment as examined in their innovation process. The findings highlight the role of collaborative leadership, workforce engagement, and iterative design in overcoming traditional barriers to Lean adoption. The study highlights the scalability of BZI’s methods offering a replicable framework for integrating Lean practices across the broader architecture, engineering, and construction sector. By advancing both theory and practice, this study provides actionable insights for driving innovation and efficiency in steel erection. KW - Lean Construction KW - Steel Erection Innovation KW - Waste Reduction KW - Continuous Improvement KW - Workflow Optimization PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2430/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2430 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - House Retrofits: Impacts of Sustainability Measures on Health C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 187 EP - 198 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0290 AU - Awwal, Samira AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AU - Fleming, Leigh AU - Mishra, Rakesh AD - Research Assistant, Department of Engineering & Technology, School of Computing & Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom, s.awwal3@hud.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-1511 AD - Professor, Design and Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom, patricia.tzortzopoulos@ntu.ac.uk , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-6753 AD - Reader, Department of Engineering & Technology, School of Computing & Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom, l.t.fleming2@hud.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-8686 AD - Professor, Department of Engineering & Technology, School of Computing & Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom, r.mishra@hud.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-3238 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The UK faces an estimated demand for 345,000 new homes annually. Retrofitting the existing housing stock presents significant opportunities to mitigate housing shortages while addressing sustainability challenges. However, current retrofit initiatives have predominantly prioritised energy efficiency while neglecting health implications from retrofits. This paper examines the relationship between sustainable housing retrofits and health outcomes, exploring strategies to address these interrelated challenges. A literature review identifies links between health considerations in retrofits through the application of lean principles, particularly from a user value generation perspective. The paper highlights synergies between health, lifestyle, and technology factors and Lean. The findings indicate the need for robust data on the health impacts of housing retrofits, as well as participatory approaches that enable the prioritisation of needs of occupants. The evidence highlights the need for empirical research to develop solutions that integrate health considerations into retrofit policy and practice, ensuring that retrofits deliver benefits for both occupants’ well-being and environmental sustainability. KW - Retrofit KW - health and well-being KW - smart home technology KW - lean PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2431/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2431 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - VDC in Practice: Insights From Production Metrics Reported as Useful by AEC Professionals in Norway C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 634 EP - 644 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0291 AU - Majumdar, Tulika AU - Johannesdottir, Katrin AD - Co-Founder, VDC Metrics, 2053 Princeton Street, Palo Alto, CA, USA, tulika@vdcmetrics.com, orcid.org/0009-0002-4675-9031 AD - Co-Founder, VDC Metrics, Ashlid 12 / 603, Akureyri, Iceland, katrin@vdcmetrics.com, orcid.org/0009-0007-3063-0651 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Production metrics (PM) make it more likely for design and construction projects to stay on track through rapid feedback. 17 PM sub-categories from recent literature were used to label PM reported as useful by 155 AEC professionals enrolled in the 4th edition of a certificate program in Virtual Design and Construction in Norway (VDCCP). More than 36% of the professionals reported PM related to 2 sub-categories, i.e., plan adherence, and agenda items of collaborative sessions. Fewer than 5% of the professionals reported PM related to 6 sub-categories, i.e., inspections and punch lists, clash detection and resolution, rework during design, rework during construction, safety performance, and follow-up after collaborative sessions. This research extended a previous study by providing a more granular view of PM found useful by AEC professionals which had not been possible earlier. Comparing PM from the 4th edition of the VDCCP to those from the 1st edition indicated a maturity in the understanding of PM among enrolled professionals, emphasizing the importance of professional education in opening pathways for standardizing and benchmarking PM in the AEC industry. KW - Production metrics KW - continuous improvement KW - common vocabulary KW - benchmarking KW - VDC PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2432/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2432 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Last Controller: a Human-centric Approach to Value Delivery in Construction Project Controls C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 459 EP - 470 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0292 AU - Hoots, Adam AU - Milberg, Colin AU - Sharma, Vivek AD - Lean Construction Shepherd, Construction ACHE Solutions, Greenville, South Carolina, USA, adam.hoots@constructionACHEsolutions.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0383-8437 AD - Principal, ASKM & Associates, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA, colin@askmassociates.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-1728 AD - Assistant Professor, Construction Science & Management Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA, viveks@clemson.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-8129 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This paper evaluates traditional construction Project Control Systems (PCS), identifying limitations in effectively managing project variability, complexity, and real-time decision-making. Conventional PCS models, largely reliant on single-loop feedback mechanisms, often prove inadequate for the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of contemporary projects. Addressing this gap, the research synthesizes interdisciplinary literature from mechanical and electrical engineering, business management, and lean construction to propose an advanced framework termed Future Project Controls (fPC). Central to this framework is the introduction of the "Last Controller" role, a human-centric concept emphasizing rigorous final-stage quality assurance, value delivery, and proactive variability management, complementing the Last Planner System. The fPC framework integrates feedforward, concurrent, and feedback control mechanisms tailored to each project stage, enhancing responsiveness, resilience, and value delivery. The paper highlights the importance of clearly defined stage-specific metrics, systematic disturbance management, and adaptive learning across multiple projects. Finally, it outlines key areas for future research, including validating controller-specific performance indicators, leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance predictive controls, evaluating scalability across diverse projects, examining organizational and behavioral influences, and assessing long-term benefits. This comprehensive approach seeks to significantly improve project outcomes through more effective, integrated, and human-focused project controls. KW - Lean Project Controls KW - Lean Construction KW - Feedforward KW - Last Controller KW - or Concurrent Control PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2433/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2433 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Framework for Integrating 3P Within TVD C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 211 EP - 221 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0293 AU - Forgues, Daniel AU - Beaulieu, Nicolas AU - Laurindo, Brenda Da Silva AU - Poirier, Érik AD - Associate Professor, Construction Engineering Department, Ecole de technologie superieure, Montreal, Canada daniel.forgues@etsmtl.ca, orcid.org/0000-0002-1790-671X 2 Consultant, GSS, Laval, Canada, nicolas.beaulieu@visiongss.com 3 Master Student, Construction Engineering Department, Ecole de technologie superieure, Montreal, Canada, brenda-cristine.da-silva-laurindo.1@ens.etsmtl.ca 4 Adjunct Professor, Construction Engineering Department, Ecole de technologie superieure, Montreal, Canada, orcid.org 0000-0003-0908-0097 AD - Consultant, GSS, Laval, Canada, nicolas.beaulieu@visiongss.com AD - Master Student, Construction Engineering Department, Ecole de technologie superieure, Montreal, Canada, brenda-cristine.da-silva-laurindo.1@ens.etsmtl.ca AD - Adjunct Professor, Construction Engineering Department, Ecole de technologie superieure, Montreal, Canada, orcid.org 0000-0003-0908-0097 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Maximizing value generation is a core principle in Lean Construction and Target Value Delivery (TVD). This paper investigates how participatory design processes involving a wide array of end-users throughout the lifecycle of a project can enhance value management in the delivery of built assets. The study addresses the challenges of aligning user-defined value in complex projects, where rigid technical programs often marginalize evolving stakeholder needs. Adopting a constructive research methodology, this study integrates 3P principles into a TVD framework to optimize value delivery. Tools such as proximity matrices, functional evaluation grids, and trajectory mapping are used to identify and prioritize user needs. Two case studies, including an IT engineering department within a university and a high school project, demonstrate how these tools facilitate iterative, user-centered design processes while addressing gaps in existing value management methodologies. The findings contribute a novel framework for embedding dynamic and inclusive value management practices into TVD. By balancing functional, experiential, and societal dimensions of value, the proposed approach fosters innovation, improves stakeholder satisfaction, and enhances alignment between academic workflows and spatial configurations. KW - Project Definition Participatory Design KW - 3P KW - and TVD. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2434/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2434 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - From Projects to Systems: the Alberta Facilities Production System (AFPS) C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1333 EP - 1344 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0294 AU - Shehab, Lynn AU - Russell, Jason AU - Hamzeh, Farook AD - PhD Candidate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, lshehab@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-3550 AD - Project Manager, MSc Student, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, jcrussel@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7030-8384 AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Hole School of Construction Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, hamzeh@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-9534 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The integration of academia-industry collaboration has a crucial role in advancing innovation and improving efficiency in the construction industry. Most of these collaborations remain fragmented, with academia pursuing theoretical research while industry focuses on practical business first execution. This is one of the obstacles to making Lean implementations truly effective, since continuous learning, adaptation, and system-wide integration are essential for such implementations. Although the benefits of Lean production systems are well-documented, construction projects tend to adopt isolated Lean tools on an individual project basis, lacking a structured framework for sustained implementation across many projects. This paper introduces the Alberta Facilities Production System (AFPS), a conceptual framework that bridges the academia-industry gap through the integration of Lean principles into large-scale public sector construction. Inspired by the Toyota Production System (TPS), AFPS ensures that academic research reinforces industry practice, while industry challenges and experiences drive academic research. The University of Alberta serves as a "Live Lab" to test, refine, and scale Lean strategies, in order to eventually optimize construction processes. By establishing a structured and data-driven partnership between academia and industry, AFPS aims to promote continuous improvement, waste reduction, and knowledge transfer. This paper contributes a roadmap that will help governments, universities, and industry practitioners collaborate effectively and efficiently. KW - Lean methods KW - PDCA cycle KW - academia-industry integration KW - collaborative framework KW - continuous improvement. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2435/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2435 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Leaner Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) Management: Practitioners’ Insights C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 1173 EP - 1184 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0295 AU - Alazmi, Saleh AU - Piri, Imelda Saran AU - Das, Oisik AU - Abdelmegid, Mohammed AU - Poshdar, Mani AU - Gonzalez, Vicente A AD - PhD, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand, sala043@aucklanduni.ac.nz AD - Lecturer, School of Future Environment, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, imelda.piri@aut.ac.nz, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-5187 AD - Professor (bitr), Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, oisik.das@ltu.se, https://orcid.org/000-0002-5474-1512 AD - Lecturer, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, UK, M.Abdelmegid@leeds.ac.uk, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 AD - Associate Professor, School of Future Environment, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, mani.poshdar@aut.ac.nz, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-2985 AD - Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Digital Lean Construction, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, vagonzal@ualberta.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-3863 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The construction sector has a substantial impact on the environment, primarily due to its excessive resource and energy consumption, along with significant waste production. Construction accounts for a third of the world's total waste and around 40% of global CO2 emissions. The phases of material production, construction, the facility’s useful life, and end-of-life components have been widely studied for their role in environmental pollution. Whilst minimising waste holds the highest priority in construction waste management, understanding the sources of construction waste can support effective reduction strategies. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the origins of construction and demolition waste (CDW), lean practices, construction productivity, and the associated environmental impacts. A quantitative research method was adopted, using a survey questionnaire to identify correlations between CDW origins, construction productivity, and environmental impacts. Findings revealed that 62% of CDW origins have a greater impact on the environment than on productivity. Additionally, eight specific CDW origins showed statistically significant relationships with the tested environmental variables. These insights can promote evidence-based decision-making by construction practitioners in developing effective strategies for waste minimisation. KW - Construction and demolition waste KW - Lean construction KW - Construction productivity KW - Environmental impacts KW - Sustainability. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2436/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2436 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Project Wip Management as a Risk Control Driver for Timely Completion C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 494 EP - 504 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0296 AU - Samaniego, Omar A. AD - Engr., Master, NEC-ECC PMA, VDC, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, PMO Solutions Director and Risk Management main consultant, author, and researcher at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Instituto para la Calidad, comercial@pmo-solutions.com, osamaniego@pucp.pe, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-2610 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - This research addresses a critical gap in construction management by introducing novel indicators for assessing completion through Work-In-Process (WIP) management. The study reveals that project production management practitioners frequently equate physical progress with completion, a misconception contributing to unexpected project delays. Through production systems patterns analysis, this research introduces Rate of WIP (RWIP), Rate of Completion Convergence (RCC), and complementary metrics for multiple production systems completion (Q6) and maximum achievable completion (Q6'). These indicators, grounded in Little's Law principles, provide a framework for monitoring completion trends and predicting schedule overruns. The methodology combines modeling with practitioner surveys, demonstrating how WIP patterns serve as early warning signals for potential delays for unstable production systems, enabling proactive schedule risk management and improved project delivery reliability. KW - WIP KW - completion KW - progress KW - 90% syndrome KW - early warning. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2437/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2437 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - New Model to Minimize Cost and Time of Rework Due to Prefabricated Construction Errors C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 834 EP - 845 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0297 AU - Maalek, Reza AD - Junior-professor, and Chair for Digital Engineering and Construction, Institute of Technology and Management in Construction (TMB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, reza.maalek@kit.edu, orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-2691 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - The problem of minimizing the cost and time of rework due to fabrication and assembly errors in prefabricated construction considering the spatial relationship between elements was revisited. The time required to remedy the element’s error was used as the basis to find optimal crew sizing and scheduling to minimize rework. Using the modeled time, two formulations, namely, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and mixed integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP) were derived. The latter formulation captured the impact of crew occupied space on the available space for adjacent crews. Furthermore, the impact of uncertainty in the estimated time demand for each zone was incorporated through robust optimization. Finally, a new objective function term was included to balance work demand in each zone to approach takt time scheduling. The formulations were applied on a typical building construction project to correct the locations of reinforced concrete columns with assembly errors. While the formulations provide direct crew sizing and scheduling results, the methodology can benefit from: (i) incorporating flow continuity within zones; (ii) including multiple objectives to capture aspects, such as sustainability; and (iii) estimating the terms of the time demand model from real data. KW - Lean construction KW - mixed integer programming KW - crew sizing and scheduling KW - quality control KW - location-based scheduling. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2438/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2438 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - From Theory to Practice: Applying Time Span of Discretion in Last Planner System® and Takt Production to Navigate Work Complexity C1 - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan C3 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) SP - 37 EP - 47 PY - 2025 DO - 10.24928/2025/0299 AU - Görsch, Christopher AU - Lappalainen, Eelon AU - Malvik, Tobias Onshuus AU - Lehtovaara, Joonas AU - Riekki, Jaakko AD - Senior Scientist, VTT National Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, christopher.gorsch@vtt.fi, orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-4031 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, eelon.lappalainen@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-344 AD - Doctoral Candidate, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, tobias.o.malvik@ntnu.no, orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-1899 AD - Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, joonas.lehtovaara@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-3811 AD - Doctoral Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, jaakko.riekki@aalto.fi, orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-2165 ED - Seppänen, Olli ED - Koskela, Lauri ED - Murata , Koichi AB - Due to the introduction and adoption of new organizational structures and technology, the power dynamics within projects in the construction industry have shifted. This may lead to an increase in dissatisfaction and frustration among workers who are not willing to change because the emphasis is on organizational and technological change. In circumstances of change, the role extends beyond the employee’s inherent comfort and proficiency, frequently resulting in discontent and unease. Prior studies indicate that if the task surpasses its inherent timespan, failure is probable; conversely, if it is shorter, the employee may experience inadequate challenges and dissatisfaction. In recent decades, the implementation of Lean Construction (LC) principles has frequently instigated such changes on construction sites. Although these production systems, such as Last Planner System® (LPS) and Takt Production (TP), are noted to enhance project performance and success, especially via collaborative and workload-balancing strategies, their implementation seldom resolves issues related to task complexity, workforce cognitive capacity, or the distinct timespan for tasks. This conceptual study explores the subject and examines, through Stratified Systems Theory (SST) theory, similarities between LC methods and the timespan of discretion (TSD) concept. Moreover, the research seeks to illustrate the importance of comprehending the potential of integrating TSD ideas with LPS and TP to enhance project outcomes. Furthermore, the study will focus on investigating how tailoring activities to align with workers’ cognitive capacities and inherent timeframes may enhance situational awareness and satisfaction in construction projects. KW - Lean construction KW - time span KW - takt production KW - last planner system. PB - T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC 33) DA - 2025/06/02 CY - Osaka and Kyoto, Japan L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2439/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/2439 N1 - Export Date: 31 May 2025 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER -