TY - CONF TI - The First and Last Value Model: Sustainability as a First Value Delivery of Lean Construction Practice C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Salvatierra-Garrido, Jose AU - Pasquire, Christine AD - PhD Student, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, UK, Phone +44 (0)1509 222884, J.L.Salvatierra-Garrido@lboro.ac.uk AD - Professor of Lean Project Management, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, UK, Phone +44 (0)115 941 8418, Christine.Pasquire@ntu.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The work described in this paper forms part of the final stage of a PhD research aimed to widely visualise Value in the construction industry. In this way, a conceptual model was proposed to visualise the return of Value from the construction industry over society and the legacy of this sector for future generations. The First and Last Value model—F&LVM— includes the delivery of Value spans across two different contexts: First context refers to Value delivery for the cure of environmental & social issues (First Value), and Last context deals with Value delivery at production level, linked to transformation activities or what needs to be done – the work (Last Value). This paper aims at underlining the potential of Lean Thinking for addressing environmental issues, where sustainable practices are proposed as a first level strategy of current Lean Construction practices. Additionally, it is proposed that Society depends on construction industry outputs and that it should be considered in addition to particular interests, if the potential of the construction industry is to be fulfilled. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1091/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1091 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Where does the Theory Informing the International Group for Lean Construction Come From? C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Pasquire, Christine AU - Connor, Piers AD - Professor, School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU UK +44 115 848 2895 Christine.Pasquire@ntu.ac.uk AD - Managing Director, PRC Rail Consulting Ltd, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5NH UK, +44 1509 670690 piers.connor@btinternet.com ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Within the community of Lean construction, as represented by the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC), some recent discussions about Lean construction theory have questioned the base upon which the theory has been developed. The question asks whether the sources upon which the theory has been based were generated from within the community or from outside. Some fears were expressed that the theory was being developed largely internally, without drawing in enough new ideas or recent thinking from the wider academic and industrial community. This paper attempts to clarify the basis for the debate by enumerating the references used to generate Lean construction theory within the IGLC conference papers and to offer some conclusions that will assist in informing the debate. The analysis identifies the leaders in the development of Lean construction theory and confirms that their work is referred to outside the IGLC community. The research confirmed that the level of referencing from sources published outside the IGLC conferences was in fact high; however, the paper raises concerns about the quality of the sources used and the lack of new thinking being generated. There was no intention to look outside the IGLC forum or to attempt to define any aspect of Lean construction theory the research was merely a counting exercise to ascertain the flow of references and theory sources. KW - IGLC KW - development KW - theory KW - papers KW - conferences KW - references KW - citations PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1092/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1092 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Applying Lean Construction to Loss Control C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Brioso, Xavier AD - Professor, School of Civil Engineering. Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Phone +51 16262000, xbrioso@pucp.edu.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Losses can be defined as economic and non-economic valuation of the different effects (psychological, legal, functional, environmental, etc.), due to waste, defects and damages in the workplace. Losses can be human, economic, institutional prestige, competitiveness, customers and markets, among others. Loss Control and Lean Construction contribute to their decline, so an optimal method by integrating the two systems is proposed in this paper. It is intended the use of complementary elements of the two systems, to show the contribution of both in the achievement of the optimal integrated methodology so that we make profits and give credit to companies that contributed in achieving this goal. A methodology is proposed for focusing on the integration of Lean Construction and Loss Control, in order to the alternative theory “Working near the edge” proposed by Gregory A. Howell, Glenn Ballard, Tariq S. Abdelhamid and Panagiotis Mitropoulos, based on the work of Jens Rasmussen. KW - Lean construction KW - loss control KW - accidents KW - incidents KW - safety PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1093/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1093 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Toward an Understanding of Cost and Aesthetics: Impact of Cost Contraints on Aesthetic Ranking Following Target Value Design Exercises C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Rybkowski, Zofia K. AU - Munankami, Manish AU - Gottipati, Udaya AU - Fernández-Solís, Jose AU - Lavy, Sarel AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A.; phone: 1-979-845-4354; e-mail: zrybkowski@tamu.edu AD - Graduate Student, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A.; e-mail: mmunankami@neo.tamu.edu AD - Graduate Student (formerly), Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A.; e-mail: udayagottipati@gmail.com AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A.; e-mail: jsolis@arch.tamu.edu AD - Associate Professor, Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A.; e-mail: slavy@arch.tamu.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - PURPOSE: Target Value Design (TVD) is a project delivery subset that shares methodologies with Target Costing and Value Engineering, but is performed within the context of lean construction. TVD has been shown to generate first cost savings of approximately 20% on case study projects. A concern voiced by some architects, however, is that TVD may produce aesthetically inferior designs. Addressing this concern, we explore whether there is a relationship between cost and aesthetics. METHODOLOGY: Eighteen postgraduate-level university students were asked to design a functional wine stand using a restricted pallet of materials—Styrofoam cups and plates and 8 1/2‖ x 11‖ sheets of paper within one hour—(a) without cost constraints and (b) with cost constraints. The resulting wine stands were photographed and then graphically rendered to remove confounding variables, permitting comparisons between them. Over one hundred twenty subjects were surveyed and asked to rank the stands according to their preferences. Ratings were then correlated with costs using Spearman’s Rank-Order coefficient. FINDINGS: We found there was a very mild negative correlation (rs=-0.214) between final cost of the individual stands and their aesthetic rankings. The result suggests that popular aesthetic preference, as measured in wine stand design, is very slightly correlated with higher cost, and that other factors (not investigated) have a greater influence on aesthetic rankings. IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggest that TVD does not necessarily compromise the popular aesthetic quality of a simple product design, such as a wine stand, and KW - Target Value Design KW - target cost KW - value engineering KW - aesthetics KW - lean PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1094/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1094 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating Site Performance Through the TFV-Theory C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Koskenvesa, Anssi AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Researcher, Faculty of the Built Environment, Tampere University of Technology; Finland. Phone +358 40 581 4263; anssi.koskenvesa@mittaviiva.fi AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2957960; l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The objective of this paper is to evaluate how our understanding and findings change when moving from the traditional conceptual model of productivity to analyzing performance through the TFV-theory. This paper first endeavours to compare the original prescription of the traditional conceptual model of productivity and performance with TFV-theory through literature study. This comparison is carried out in the context of construction management. To investigate the differences in practice, two case study sets of data were analyzed. Performance data on each of the 27 tasks was evaluated from transformation, flow and value view. This exercise illustrates how a performance evaluation through the TFV-theory focuses, besides the transformations (T), on the delays and production rate differences (F) as well as on quality or safety performance (V). In so doing, it addresses the possible causes of poor performance, and also the related solutions. These causes and solutions remain invisible in productivity evaluations. KW - TFV-theory KW - transformation KW - flow KW - value KW - production KW - site performance KW - lean construction PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1095/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1095 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Strategic Asset Management: Integrating Value, Flow and Capacity Provision in the Uk Health Sector C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Mills, Grant AU - Mahadkar, Sameedha AU - Price, Andrew D.F. AU - Wright, Steve AD - Research Associate, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK. G.R.mills@lboro.ac.uk AD - Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK. S.Mahadkar@lboro.ac.uk AD - Professor and HaCIRIC Co-Director, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK. A.D.F.Price@lboro.ac.uk AD - Executive Director, European Centre for Health Assets and Architecture, Churchilllaan 11, 3527 GV Utrecht, Netherlands. steve.wright@echaa.eu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Purpose: The English National Health Service is facing a huge financial and capacity crisis. There is a major need for new thinking in meeting expanding healthcare demand while controlling rising costs, improving quality and raising productivity. Lean thinking will be central to achieving success; however, a broader interpretation of asset value is necessary. Methodology: This paper is based on a health specific literature review of the existing evidence that inter alia supports the use of Lean thinking in infrastructure re-design, reconfiguration, space rationalisation and clinical productivity. There is some reflection on the significant underpinnings of Lean Manufacture, but this has been limited since it has been well documented by others since Womack et al., (1990) and the Toyota Production System (TPS). It also reports on a workshop with academic and industry professionals and outlines a potential future direction for Lean healthcare asset related research and development. Findings: This paper highlights the need for a whole system integrated approach to delivering value over various healthcare care scales through lean asset management. Implications: Incentivising the alignment of national and local healthcare stakeholders around value will maximise the use of scarce capital resources. KW - Assets KW - Lean KW - Infrastructure KW - Healthcare KW - Value PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1096/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1096 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Visilean: Designing a Production Management System With Lean and Bim C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Dave, Bhargav AU - Boddy, Stefan AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Research Fellow, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2953431; B.Dave@salford.ac.uk AD - Research Fellow, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2953204; S.C.Boddy@salford.ac.uk AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2953178; L.J.Koskela@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Conceptual analysis of lean construction and Building Information Modelling indicates significant synergies between the two. Interactions between the two range right from the design phase to handover and facilities management. Although lean construction is being applied throughout, application of BIM still remains predominant in the design phase. Previous case studies have proven that the use of BIM with lean practices during the construction phase improves the efficiency of planning. A software system - VisiLean is proposed that provides the construction team a lean production management system that is integrated with Building Information Modelling. The system provides clear visualisation of work status through visual indicators on the 3D model and also integrates several information sources to enable a truly integrated system that the construction industry lacks. In this paper, the basic underlying concept and a brief overview of the system are provided. The system has yet to be implemented on site so practical findings are not yet reported. However, it has been demonstrated to construction and major client organisations with positive feedback. Further work is under way to improve the system based on the initial feedback received and also to implement it on a pilot project to evaluate its performance. KW - Lean Production Management KW - Building Information Modelling KW - .Net KW - Web Services KW - Information Integration PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1097/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1097 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants – Can Lean Methods Help to Improve the Highly Complex Design and Planning Processes? C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Freund, Christina AU - Gehbauer, Fritz and AU - Gentes, Sascha AD - Research Fellow, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Technology and Management for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities, Am Fasanengarten Geb. 50.31, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, christina.freund@kit.edu AD - Professor, Director of Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, fritz.gehbauer@kit.edu AD - Professor, KIT, Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Technology and Management for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities, sascha.gentes@kit.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - In recent years, principles of Lean Management were implemented in a growing number of construction projects with good results in improving of performance. Decommissioning of nuclear power plants requires setting up of a complex process and designing of specialized methods and machines. In this sense it is even more complex than large construction projects. Due to the many laws and regulations (especially concerning safety), decommissioning suffers from time and budget overruns. Therefore, the authors investigated the possibilities of applying Lean Construction methods and tools in the design, permitting, licensing and planning of the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and related facilities. Framework conditions for the implementation are numerous atomic laws and regulations. The research is based on the following hypotheses:  The existing system suffers from time delays and budget overruns; it is not only possible but necessary to improve cooperation and results through applying Lean Management methods.  In the process of executing the first steps of applying Lean, it is possible to overcome obstacles, existing with various stakeholders, for example the fear of losing the independent status of the experts. Evaluating current state of the art led to first steps, such as lowering batch sizes and creating a continuous flow of information and results of design and planning. The research is based on the cooperation with a variety of sources including owner, engineering firms, contractors, experts, ministries and other regulatory agencies. Difficulties and barriers for implementation are discussed, especially ensuring high safety standards while using cooperative methods for project delivery. Recommendations for further implementation and research, especially to fully validate the second hypotheses, will conclude the paper. KW - Lean methods KW - decommissioning KW - licensing KW - stakeholder KW - cooperation PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1098/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1098 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Transformation–Flow–Value as a Strategic Tool in Project Production C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Bertelsen, Sven AU - Bonke, Sten AD - MSc. Director, Sven Bertelsen, Strategic Counselors aps. External lecturer, Technical University of Denmark. Ronnebaervej 10, DK 2840 Holte, Denmark. sven@bertelsen.org AD - Assoc. Prof. Sten Bonke, Head of Section. Section for Planning and Management of the Built Environment. DTU Management, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, DK 2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The paper investigates the use of the Transformation-Flow-Value theory as a strategic tool in the development of the project production firm. When producing products such as ships, focus on value more than on cost may be the best approach, but in service industries such as construction, focus on flow may often be a far better approach than just looking at the costs. The paper presents a simple, general financial model to support this argument and not least to assist the reader in conducting similar analyses in his own company. KW - Transformation-Flow-Value KW - Strategy KW - Business approach KW - Financial model PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1099/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1099 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploring the Opportunities and Barriers of Using Prefabricated House Components C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Bildsten, Louise AD - Phd student, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden, Phone: +46 13 281547, louise.bildsten@liu.se ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - To satisfy customers’ desires with a maintained efficiency of the production process is a challenge for many house construction companies. Houses are one-off projects with a production process characterized by variability and complexity that often lead to unpredicted costs. Prefabricated component solutions could possibly solve these issues through modularization, mass customization and delayed product differentiation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities and barriers to use prefabricated house components. Interviews were conducted with two industrial house manufacturers to pinpoint these opportunities and barriers. The impact of this research may have value for house construction companies considering the use of prefabricated house components. The use of these components may lead to benefits such as shorter lead-time, higher quality, decreased complexity in coordination and reduced risks of production failures. Moreover, this research may be valuable to house component suppliers in the business development of their product offers to industrial house builders. KW - Prefabrication KW - mass customization KW - house components KW - process improvement PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1100/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1100 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Fifty Years of Irrelevance: The Wild Goose Chase of Management Science C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2956378; l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Modern management science has existed since 1959 when two reports (by Pierson and Gordon & Howell) on the future of business education were published in the US. At least since 1980, there has been a practically continuous, but somewhat fragmented discussion on the relevance of management research. Although many different proposals have been made to rectify the situation, the mainstream of management research seems to be relatively untroubled and unaffected by this widely sensed irrelevance. The paper aims at initial understanding of the reasons for this spectacular failure of (general) management research to reach relevant results in the period of 1960-2010. Two related questions are considered in more detail. How was the social science turn of management science in 1959 justified and achieved? Which correctives have been proposed for management research, up to now? KW - Management science KW - irrelevance PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1101/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1101 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Tracking the Dependencies Between Companies’ Commercial Behavior and Their Institutional Environment C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Zimina, Daria AU - Pasquire, Christine AD - Research Associate, Department of Civil & Building Engineering, Loughborough University UK AD - Professor of Lean Project Management, School of Architecture, Design & Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU UK +44 115 848 2459 christine.pasquire@ntu.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper is a part of a research project addressing the problems caused by the construction industry’s apparent dependency on cost information. The paper sets a theoretical base for the project by investigating the dependencies between micro and macroeconomic levels from the perspective of the construction industry. The hypothesis is that factors defining commercial behaviour and impeding or facilitating implementation of lean commercial practices include macroeconomic environment and regulation, market agents, informal institutions, such as culture, and individual abilities of the management. Understanding the reasons of the traditional commercial behaviour will help to find a way of changing it for a better. The paper might be of interest to both the academics and practitioners looking to change commercial practice. The main finding constitutes an analysis of the nature of the dependence between companies and their environment. KW - Commercial behaviour KW - socio-economic environment KW - lean transformation KW - lean cost and commercial management. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1102/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1102 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Examination of Visual Management on Finnish Construction Sites C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Tezel, Algan AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AU - Koskenvesa, Anssi AU - Sahlstedt, Satu AD - PhD, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford. Email: algantezel@gmail.com 2 Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, UK. Phone +44 161 2956378; l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, UK. Phone +44 161 2956378; l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk AD - Senior Lecturer, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 295 4284; p.tzortzopoulos@salford.ac.uk AD - Researcher, Faculty of the Built Environment, Tampere University of Technology; Finland. Phone +358 40 581 4263; anssi.koskenvesa@mittaviiva.fi AD - Researcher, Mittaviiva Ltd, Lars Sonckin kaari 10, Nova-talo 02600 Espoo, Finland. Phone +358 40 373 8983; satu.sahlstedt@mittaviiva.fi ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Visual Management (VM), which is one of the founding blocks of the Toyota Production System, is the managerial strategy of integrating information and sensory aids into work settings for increased self-management. This paper presents the preliminary findings of a collaborative research conducted between Finland and the UK, as part of an effort to introduce the dissemination of Visual Management in the Finnish construction industry. How the Visual Management concept is realised on Finnish construction sites is the main research question of the paper. The examination of the current Visual Management conditions on typical Finnish construction sites was conducted through multiple case studies carried out on five different construction sites in the country. The findings were presented by case descriptions. The main finding is that the Visual Management strategy is currently at an initial level and based on individual initiatives, not systematic company approaches. The discussion of the Visual Management conditions in Finland, some recommendations for the implementation of Visual Management in the country, and the future Visual Management research efforts were also presented. KW - Visual Management KW - visual workplace KW - lean construction implementation KW - Finland. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1103/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1103 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Exploratory Study on the Measurement and Analysis of Making-Do in Construction Sites C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AU - Sommer, Lucila AU - Koskela, Lauri AU - Isatto, Eduardo L. AD - Ph.D., Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Phone +55 51 33083518, formoso@ufrgs.br AD - Civil Engineer, M.Sc., Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. englusommer@gmail.com AD - Dr.Sc., Professor, School of the Built Environment, The University of Salford, UK, L.J.Koskela@salford.ac.uk AD - Dr., Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. isatto@ufrgs.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Making-do has been pointed out as a major cause of waste in the construction industry. It refers to a situation in which a task starts without having available all the inputs required for its completion. Those inputs refer not only to materials, but also to other resources, such as machinery, tools, personnel, external conditions, information, etc. By contrast, the literature points out that improvisation is a ubiquitous human practice even in highly structured business organisations, and play an important role when rules and methods fail. This paper presents the concept of making-do as a form of waste, and proposes a method of measuring it as well as identifying its main causes, and its main impacts in the performance of construction projects. Data from two exploratory case studies carried out in construction sites are used to illustrate the utility of that concept. In those studies, making-do waste was identified, and categorized according to their causes and main impacts. This was done by interviews with construction workers and foremen, direct observation of construction processes on-site, and participant observation in planning meetings. The results provide some insights on the limitations of planning systems in avoiding making-do, and also pointed out the high negative impact of this type of waste in site safety KW - Making-do KW - Improvisation KW - Waste KW - Planning and control KW - Performance measurement PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1104/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1104 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Lean Journey: Implementing the Last Planner ® System in Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Hamzeh, Farook R. AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Management, 223 Guggenheim Hall, Colorado State University, CO 80523-1584, USA, Farook.Hamzeh@colostate.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The Last Planner ® system for production planning and control has helped construction projects improve planning reliability, production performance, and construction workflow. However, many organizations face significant hurdles when implementing the Last Planner ® system for the first time. The hurdles are multifaceted and are tied to organizational, cultural, and technical factors. This paper highlights implementation issues mentioned in the literature and reports implementation challenges and failures experienced on three construction projects. Using action-based research where the author was actively involved in implementing the Last Planner® system on the three projects, the paper presents a framework for successful implementation of the Last Planner® system on construction projects drawing on previous research, lessons learned from change management, and previous lean implementations. The suggested framework will be tested on future construction projects newly implementing The Last Planner ® system for proper model calibration. KW - Lean Construction KW - The Last Planner ® System KW - Production Planning and Control KW - Implementation KW - and Change Management PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1105/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1105 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Response to Critics of Lean Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Ballard, Glenn AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Research Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), 215-B McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, Phone +1 415/710-5531, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Maxwell 412a, Crescent, Salford, l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Lean construction advocates criticized the first edition of Graham Winch’s Managing Construction Projects. In the 2 nd edition, Winch responds and adds his own criticisms of lean construction. The purpose of this paper is to reply to Winch’s criticisms of lean construction. Other papers will continue the debate regarding the appropriate conceptualization of projects in relation to production, including the question whether organization design is part of production system design. Regarding the mainstream construction management community, we respectfully propose that it should get rid of certain temporal myopia. Two central concepts of lean construction are production, as a starting point for managing and organizing, and waste, as a focus of improvement. Winch denies the role of production in management and fails to recognize the importance of waste: it is not in the index of his book, although lean production and lean construction is discussed. This is fully aligned to other current literature in management, which – through silence - denies the role of production and waste. However, these concepts were present in the management literature preceding the two influential books on business education in 1959 (Gordon & Howell 1959, Pierson 1959). Lean construction represents a continuation of the discussion in the first half of the 20th century, which seems to have become opportune again as a result of the massive criticism on the lack of relevance of management science since the 1980’s. KW - Construction management KW - lean construction KW - theory PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1106/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1106 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Clients’ Perceptions of Non-Value Adding Activities in South Africa C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Emuze, Fidelis AU - Smallwood, John AD - PhD Candidate, Department of Construction Management, PO Box 77000 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa Tel: (041) 504 2399 Fax: (041) 504 2345 AD - Professor, and Head, Department of Construction Management, PO Box 77000 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa Tel: (041) 504 2790 Fax: (041) 504 2345 ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Based upon documented non-value adding activities (NVAAs) in the literature, the study was undertaken in order to investigate NVAAs that are significant in the South African context. According to the research problem statement, the recurrent poor performance recorded in South African construction may be due to the prevalence of NVAAs. Though the larger research embraced methodological pluralism, this particular paper reports on a quantitative survey conducted among South African public sector clients. The survey used NVAAs and their causes identified through the literature as the basis for the investigation. The research findings suggest that NVAAs do not only pervade South African construction, but also marginalise the realisation of optimal project performance in terms of cost, environment, health and safety (H&S), quality, and time. The implications are centred on the need to increase knowledge and awareness, and also reduce the frequency of occurrence of NVAAs in South Africa. Though only an aspect of the research is reported upon in this paper, the research equally entailed an empirical study conducted among consultants and contractors with a view of creating awareness throughout the entire industry. However, future multi-case study research involving the most cited NVAAs will complement the long-term objective of the study. KW - Construction KW - Infrastructure KW - Non-value adding activities KW - Performance KW - South Africa PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1107/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1107 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - What Are the Big Issues in Cost Management? C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Hanid, Mahanim AU - Siriwardena, Mohan AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Phd Candidate, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2953458; m.b.hanid@edu.salford.ac.uk AD - Lecturer, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2957052; M.L.Siriwardena@salford.ac.uk AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2956378; l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper presents the current big issues in cost management. It covers the theoretical aspects, the causes and effects, and possible countermeasures. This paper is a result of a literature review conducted during the initial stages of a doctoral research. In doing so, principles of lean production are considered as a basis for critical evaluation. Seven big issues have been identified as shortcomings in the current construction cost management approaches. Some of such issues identified are failure to forecast, failure to pinpoint improvement opportunities and poor support to inter-organizational cost management. Possible countermeasures are suggested to address the identified issues. This research is expected to contribute towards developing conceptual solutions for improving the cost management approaches. KW - Cost management KW - lean KW - value KW - waste PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1108/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1108 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Examination of the Barriers to Last Planner Implementation C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Brady, Denise AU - Tzortopoulos, Patricia AU - Rooke, John AD - PhD Student, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. brady_denise@web.de AD - Senior Lecturer, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 295 4284; p.tzortzopoulos@salford.ac.uk AD - Research Fellow, HaCIRIC, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Greater Manchester. Phone +44 161 295 6344; j.a.rooke@eml.cc ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper presents results that contribute to an ongoing PhD work, looking at the implementation of Lean Production in manufacturing and what findings can be derived for the implementation of Lean in construction. This paper focuses on Last Planner as one approach to implementing Lean in construction. The aim of the paper is to identify implementation barriers and to determine whether or not factors contributing to the success of Lean projects in manufacturing were present in last planner implementation projects. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research aiming at reducing the barriers experienced when implementing Last Planner and highlighting important points to be considered when using any lean method on construction sites in the future. These findings will be developed further as part of the PhD work KW - Lean manufacturing KW - lean construction KW - critical success factors KW - last planner PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1109/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1109 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Set-Based Planning in the Decommissioning of a Nuclear Power Plant C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Hickethier, Gernot AU - Anbergen, Hauke AU - Hofacker, Alexander AU - Gehbauer, Fritz AD - Research Associate and Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Am Fasanengarten Geb. 50.31, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, Phone +49-721 608- 48235, gernot.hickethier@kit.edu AD - Graduate Student, Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Am Fasanengarten Geb. 50.31, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, hauke.anbergen@hotmail.com AD - Research Associate and Ph.D., Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Am Fasanengarten Geb. 50.31, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, Phone +49-160- 99085916, alexander.hofacker@kit.edu AD - Professor and Head of the Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Am Fasanengarten Geb. 50.31, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, Phone +49- 721 608-42646, fritz.gehbauer@kit.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Decommissioning of nuclear facilities is a rapidly growing field in which construction techniques are applied within a dangerous environment. Radiation and contamination complicate the design of the decommissioning process. The main objectives of decommissioning are to maintain a safe environment for workers and to avoid loosing material. Secondly, the decommissioning process shall minimize the amount of contaminated material that must be stored safely for a long time. Decommissioning processes, as well as construction processes, often consist of several inter-related tasks. During the decommissioning process planning, several feasible procedures for each task must be evaluated within the context of the overall system and regarding delivery of customer value. This paper documents a case-study during which a two staged set-based planning approach was applied to rigorously explore the planning space of a dismantling process at a nuclear power plant in Germany. The result of the planning process was then verified through a survey of experienced practitioners. KW - lean construction KW - set-based planning KW - decommissioning KW - dismantling KW - nuclear facility KW - safety KW - morphological box KW - Choosing By Advantages PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1110/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1110 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Broader Implementations of Production Cells in Construction Considering Time, Space and Information Linkages C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Mariz, Renato N. AU - Picchi, Flavio A. AU - Granja, Ariovaldo D. AU - Melo, Reymard S. S. AD - M.Sc. candidate, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP), unicamprenato@gmail.com AD - Asst. Professor, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP); and Director, Lean Institute Brazil, Rua Topázio 911, São Paulo- SP, Brazil, CEP 04105-063, Tel.: +55 11 5571-6887, Fax:+55 11 5571-0804, fpicchi@lean.org.br. AD - Asst. Professor, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Caixa Postal 6021, Campinas/SP, CEP 13083-852, Brazil, Tel.: +55 19 3788-2082, FAX + 55 19 3788-2411, adgranja@fec.unicamp.br AD - Ph.D. candidate, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP), reymardsavio@yahoo.com.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The use of production cell in manufacturing has achieved many benefits, motivating researchers to apply them in the construction environment. The aim of this research is to identify time, space and information linkages considerations in construction production cells applications, seeking opportunities for broader implementations. We adopted a literature review approach focusing on studies in Brazilian construction sector that addressed cells applications. Subsequently, comparative tables of these publications were prepared, analyzing the consideration of time, space and information linkages, as well as identified results. The article pointed out that there is a lack in publications that address the application of production cell in almost all construction flows, except the job site flow, reflecting the tendency of most companies of applying lean concepts first in physical flows. The greatest benefits reported from the applications of production cells were the lead time reduction, cost savings and increase productivity. By analyzing the aspects (group of features that enhance the use of the cell) it was found that “material flow and pull system” and “operators interaction” were the aspects most often considered, but mostly partially. “Flexibility” and “equipment maintenance” were used in very few reported cases. No case reported comprehensive considerations of the three important linkages of time, space and information. Space was the linkage better considered, showing that studied applications tend to be latent physical cells, with lack in time and information linkages. Further studies are proposed in order to investigate the results of more comprehensive applications considering all aspects. KW - Production cell KW - lean thinking KW - construction PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1111/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1111 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - An Investigation Into the Systematic Use of Value Engineering in the Product Development Process C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Ruiz, Joyce de Andrade AU - Granja, Ariovaldo Denis AU - Picchi, Flávio Augusto AU - Melo, Reymard Sávio Sampaio de AD - M.Sc., Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP), joyce.andrade.ruiz@gmail.com AD - Asst. Professor, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Caixa Postal 6021, Campinas/SP, CEP 13083-852, Brazil, Tel.: +55 19 3788-2082, FAX + 55 19 3788-2411, adgranja@fec.unicamp.br AD - Asst. Professor, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP); and Director, Lean Institute Brazil, Rua Topázio 911, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, CEP 04105-063, Tel.: +55 11 5571-6887, Fax:+55 11 5571-0804, fpicchi@lean.org.br. AD - Ph.D. candidate, Construction Management and Technology Research Group (GTE), School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Buildings, State University of Campinas(UNICAMP), reymardsavio@yahoo.com.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Value Engineering (VE) is a methodical technique which aims to achieve the best functional balance between product cost, reliability and performance, and it is the operational tool that facilitates the achievement of the target cost in a product development process (PDP). VE is aligned with recent philosophies for proactive cost management by analyzing cost parameters and drivers in the early stages of the PDP. A typical VE study accomplishes the decomposition of the product’s functions, and the subsequent evaluation of them, in order to pursuit cost reductions without trading- off the product’s functionality, quality and value delivery to clients/users. This research investigates how to use the VE technique in a construction product in a systemized way. VE tools, such as Function Analysis, FAST Diagram, Mudge Technique and Compare Method were combined and applied in a handicap bathroom, as an example of the detailed application of this technique. By means of the VE exercise, a cost reduction in the order of 12% was achieved, even with the addition of two new items, enhancing value delivery to end users. KW - Value engineering; target costing; product development process; cost management in construction; value delivery PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1112/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1112 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - On the Discourse of Measuring Work Flow Efficiency in Construction. A Detailed Work Sampling Method C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AD - Dr.Ing, Associate Professor, Faculty of economics and social sciences, Department of working life and innovation, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Phone +47 37 25 30 00, e-mail: bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The purpose of this paper is to test out a detailed work sampling method in the operationalisation of workflow – as part of the discourse about workflow and waste. The paper is part of a wider, ongoing research project on flow in construction work, which has resulted in the identification of several alternative strategies for measuring workflow. The conceptualisation of workflow is based on the premise that it must integrate the two dimensions of uniformity (smoothness) and intensity (productivity). The method builds on an operationalisation of the factors involved in workflow which has its basis in Shingo’s well-know distinction between operation and process. Furthermore, the conceptualisation draws on the social methodology of critical realism in order to distinguish between different causes for good or bad flow. It also includes an understanding of waste as visible and observable, and as hidden in transformation work (direct work) and indirect work; and of what initiatives can be taken to reduce visible and hidden waste. An inductive approach is applied to operationalise operations in construction, and to the question of how this data based on work can be used to calculate workflow. The verification of the explored instrument or measurement model draws on data from different construction sites. Theoretically, the paper contributes to the Lean literature by conceptualising workflow and waste within a social scientific framework. Practically, it contributes by establishing detailed benchmark figures on the basis of different construction projects. KW - Workflow KW - waste KW - operationalisation KW - work sampling KW - measurement PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1113/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1113 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Causes and Penalties of Variation - a Case Study of a Concrete Slab Prefabrication Shop C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Wang, Chao AU - Hsiang, Simon AU - Liu, Min AD - Graduate Student, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, Phone +1919/946-1954,cwangncsu@hotmail.com AD - Derr Professor, Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409; Phone +1806/742-3543, simon.hsiang@ttu.edu AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, Phone +1919/513-7920,min_liu@ncsu.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Concrete precast plants require strict control over and adherence to the timing and sequence of operations. Variation for this research is divided into the variation in task starting time (the difference between the planned and the actual starting time) and the variation in task duration (the difference between the planned and the actual task duration). This study determined causes of variation in task starting time and duration of precast concrete slab production tasks and used STROBOSCOPE simulation techniques to demonstrate the penalties associated with not reducing variation, which are 1) overtime, 2) Work in Progress (WIP) increase, 3) cost overrun, and 4) labor productivity decrease. It was found that simply taking managerial actions, such as keeping workers waiting or busy, is insufficient for managing variation and effort should be put to reduce variations and make plan more reliable. The results could help prefabricators to understand the causes and penalties of variation, which is the starting point of attacking and reducing variations KW - Variation KW - causes KW - penalties KW - concrete slab prefabrication KW - lean construction PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1114/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1114 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Complex View From the Design Process C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Lima, Mariana M. Xavier de AU - Maia, Sara Costa AU - Neto, José de Paula Barros AD - Architect, M.Sc., Department of Structure and Construction Engineering (www.deecc.ufc.br), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Universitário do Pici, Bloco 710, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, Phone +55 85 3366-9607, marimxl@yahoo.com.br. AD - Undergraduate Student, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidade Federal do Ceará, sara_cm88@hotmail.com. AD - Professor, Department of Structure and Construction Engineering (www.deecc.ufc.br), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Universitário do Pici, Bloco 710, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, Phone +55 85 3366-9607, jpbarros@ufc.br. ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Building Information Modeling (BIM) includes tools, processes and technologies based on the digital documentation of a building, its efficiency, its planning, its construction and later on, its operation. Bim enables to access a wealth of information that would remain hidden in traditional processes, by generating a model in which it is reproduced as a future reality, which contains all the information regarding the project and the processes. However, composing a model from such information, following the traditional methods, leads to incompatibilities or undesired simplifications. Such incompatibilities are a result of the lack of a systemic view in the project and in its development process. Traditional science (positivist paradigm), is based on the assumptions of simplicity, stability and objectivity. In contrast the new paradigm of science (the paradigm of complexity), recognizes and accepts the complexity, instability and subjectivity in science. This study aims at identifying the interconnection between the theoretical paradigm of complexity and the design process, specifically the one that uses BIM. Therefore, we start from the hypothesis that the design process is complex and it must be modeled as such. This paper has a theoretical approach, based on bibliographic research of the topics in the epistemology of science and the design process. This is identified as major existing incompatibilities between the theoretical underpinnings of positivism and the design process. It extends the existing theoretical basis of the management construction and the design process. Future work will be able to model the design process, based on the assumptions of the paradigm in complexity KW - Complexity KW - design process KW - BIM PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1115/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1115 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Promoting Innovation in a Colombian Social Housing Construction Company C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Guevara, Jose AU - Ozuna, Ana AU - Vargas, Hernando AU - Prieto, Javier AU - Ramirez, Cesar AD - Instructor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1Este 19A-40, Edificio Mario Laserna, Bogotá, Colombia, ja.guevara915@uniandes.edu.co AD - Instructor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1Este 19A-40, Edificio Mario Laserna, Bogotá, Colombia, ap.ozuna1442@uniandes.edu.co AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1Este 19A-40, Edificio Mario Laserna, Bogotá, Colombia, hvargas@uniandes.edu.co AD - Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1Este 19A-40, Edificio Mario Laserna, Bogotá, Colombia, hvargas@uniandes.edu.co AD - Design and Construction Director, Urbansa S.A., Cra 12 98-35 Piso 5, Bogotá, Colombia, cramirez@urbansa.com.co ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Lean Construction (LC) and innovation have been two widely discussed concepts in the Colombian construction industry for the last few years. However, the relationship among the previous topics have not been properly analysed in the local context. The objective of the article is to analyse the importance of applying LC in terms of promoting innovation. The research method for the investigation has been the embedded single case study approach. The case study is developed in a social housing construction company called Urbansa S.A. Thus, how and why LC can boost innovation on Colombian construction projects are the research questions for this study. This is important because the Colombian industry can start to learn that Lean is more than measuring task times. Results show that applying concepts such as collaboration, transparency, workflow reliability, and pull production enhances innovation if the implementation is undertaken through a process-focused approach. New developments have been registered in the operation phase of housing construction projects. By finding that LC concepts have a direct impact on innovation, the construction industry might have an increased interest in learning about the true potential of LC for improving processes and delivering more client oriented products. Further work is required to develop a strategy for expanding the understanding of lean concepts at operational and management levels. KW - Lean construction KW - innovation KW - housing construction KW - small wins PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1116/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1116 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Supporting Value Generation in Children’s Hospital Design Through Participatory Approaches C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Sfandyarifard, Elham AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AD - PhD Candidate, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2953134; e.sfandyarifard@edu.salford.ac.uk AD - Senior Lecturer, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2954284; p.tzortzopoulos@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper presents results of an ongoing PhD research, which aims to develop guidelines to help designers incorporate children's perspectives when designing children's hospitals. The paper discusses children’s hospital design through participatory approaches and links it to the lean design literature, proposing new insights into value generation. The research method is a case study, in which the process of identifying children’s preferences and considering these into the different stages of design is described. Data was collected through 16 semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and along with other documents analysed using content analysis. Results indicate that participation in design provides children with opportunities for voicing their view and ensures their requirements are available in all phases of the process. Such participation enables requirements not to be lost when progressively transformed into design solutions. The paper also discusses how realistic is it to consult with children, and which approaches may help design decision making for future children’s hospital design. KW - Design process KW - Participatory design KW - Value generation. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1117/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1117 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of a Model of Design Process Feedback From Measurement of Customer Satisfaction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Sombra, Sombra AU - Silva e Romcy, Neliza Maria AU - Sampaio, uliana C. Schlachter AU - Neto, José de Paula Barros AD - Architect and Master of Engineering from the Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Structure and Civil Constructions, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil. paulasombra@yahoo.com.br AD - Architect and Master of Engineering from the Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Structure and Civil Constructions, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil. neliza.romcy@gmail.com AD - Architect and Master of Engineering from the Civil Engineering Post Graduation Program, Structure and Civil Constructions, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil. julianaschlachter@yahoo.com.br AD - Ph.D Professor from the Civil Construction and Structure Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil. jpbarros@ufc.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Sampaio (2010) proposes a theoretical model of design feedback, which helps to process the data collected in satisfaction surveys, through the integration and simplification of tools to support decision making for manufacturing. This paper aims to apply this model and provide the analysis and discussion of its feasibility, as well as propose changes to its improvement. It describes the application of the theoretical model of Sampaio (2010) through a case study, which enabled the registration of the process and its discussion. The feedback model proposed by Sampaio was verified, as well as the systematic analysis of data collected from a satisfaction survey, and its transformation into design parameters. As some practical limitations were found, a simplification in the theoretical model was proposed. Therefore, it contributed to the reduction of activities, which do not add value to the final product, according to the lean thinking. The use of the simplified model provides benefits to companies and customers, as it gives support to generate better products, which increases user satisfaction and enhances the acceptance to new projects. KW - Design process KW - feedback KW - tools KW - value PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1118/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1118 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Time Allocation of Site Management C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Marjasalo, Anita AU - Koskenvesa, Anssi AU - Tolonen, Teuvo AU - Koskela, Lauri AD - Research assistant, Faculty of the Built Environment, Tampere University of Technology, PL 600, 33101 Tampere; Finland. Phone +358 40 198 1891, anita.marjasalo@tut.fi AD - Researcher, Faculty of the Built Environment, Tampere University of Technology; Finland. Phone +358 40 581 4263; anssi.koskenvesa@mittaviiva.fi AD - Professor, Faculty of the Built Environment, Tampere University of Technology; Finland. Phone +358 40 593 9257; teuvo.tolonen@tut.fi AD - Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2957960; l.j.koskela@salford.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The purpose of this paper is to elicit how much time general superintendents and superintendents spend on different functions and, in specific, how much time is spent on work planning and preparation and supervising the work. A survey, in which 14 general superintendents and 10 superintendents filled in their time usage into a web database for one month (22 days on average) each, was carried out. The respondents could allocate their working hours in 16 different functions with the accuracy of a half an hour daily. In addition, one question was asked concerning the laboriousness of office work and IT systems, for which 14 answers were obtained. All answers were categorised based on the occupation of the respondent in general superintendents and superintendents. The supervision of work is still the most time consuming function for the general superintendent and the other superintendents; whereas work planning takes up only 15% of the site management’s time. This finding shows that at the moment the site management rather supervises than plans and makes pre-requisites ready. Much of the non-value adding time could be eliminated by improving project management and designer cooperation and putting more emphasis on work planning and preparation. KW - Time allocation KW - site management KW - general superintendent KW - foreman KW - production control PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1119/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1119 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Systemic Approach to the Concept of Value and Its Effects on Lean Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Maia, Sara AU - Lima, Mariana AU - Neto, José de Paula Barros AD - Undergraduate Student, Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidade Federal do Ceará, sara_cm88@hotmail.com AD - Architect, M.Sc., Department of Structure and Construction Engineering (www.deecc.ufc.br), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Universitário do Pici, Bloco 710, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, Phone +55 85 3366-9607, marimxl@yahoo.com.br AD - Professor, Department of Structure and Construction Engineering (www.deecc.ufc.br), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Universitário do Pici, Bloco 710, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, Phone +55 85 3366-9607, jpbarros@ufc.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The concept of value, besides holding a relevant position in several areas of knowledge, has occupied, through Lean and TFV theory, an equally important role on construction. However, there can be observed a lack of systematic and sufficiently comprehensive studies regarding the value in academic production on Lean Construction. This study aims at developing a solid and coherent theoretical background for the concept through a wide literature review, not only in the field of Lean Construction, but from a systemic approach in several areas of knowledge. The results achieved point to new guidelines that can help to overcome discussions about the term. This paper also outlines the possible consequences of the current way of thinking about value in the field of sustainability and ethical responsibility. KW - Value KW - Lean Thinking PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1120/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1120 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Collaborating with a Permitting Agency to Deliver a Healthcare Project: Case Study of the Sutter Medical Center Castro Valley (SMCCV) C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Alarcon, Isabel AU - Christian, Digby AU - Tommelein, Iris D. AD - Graduate Student, Industrial Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, ialarcon@gepuc.cl AD - Senior Project Manager, Sutter Health Facility Planning & Development, ChristD2@sutterhealth.org AD - Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, and Director, Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), 215-A McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, Phone +1 510/643-8678, FAX 510/643-8919, tommelein@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper presents a case study of the Sutter Medical Center project in Castro Valley, California (SMCCV). This project’s commercial terms are established in an Integrated Form of Agreement (IFOA). This project stands out in several ways. One is the way in which the team used visualization tools to create transparency and to establish a common goal for the team. Another one is how the integrated team worked hand-in-hand with representatives of the state permitting agency to develop strategies and work methods to implement the Phased Plan Review (PPR) process. PPR is one option the team and the agency could pursue in unison to result in permitting for construction of this healthcare facility. This paper details the project delivery’s operating system the team put in place in order to obtain increased certainty in the project’s design, permitting, and construction phases. It includes examples regarding the actions team participants took to achieve this objective and relates these actions to lean principles they reinforced throughout their application. KW - Phased Plan Review (PPR) KW - Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) KW - Integrated Form of Agreement (IFOA) KW - Design Management KW - Collaboration KW - Visualization KW - Transparency KW - Permitting KW - Healthcare Facility KW - Operating System. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1121/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1121 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Conceptualization of Interdependency and Coordination Between Construction Tasks C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AU - Sacks, Rafael AD - Dr.Ing, Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Working Life and Innovation, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Phone +47 37 25 30 00, e-mail: bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no AD - Assoc. Prof., Virtual Construction Lab, National Building Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, Phone +972-4-8292245, e-mail: cvsacks@tx.technion.ac.il ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - We address the understanding of coordination in construction by applying a theoretically informed case study approach. The main theoretical resource is coordination theory based on dependence structures between resources and activities. Empirical data from different typical construction projects are applied. The critical path method is not an adequate answer to the coordination of reciprocal interdependency in construction work, and our empirical observations confirm that in such cases planning and production are two different worlds rather than integrated activities. We offer theoretical arguments for coordination through mutual adjustment in construction production. The Last Planner System can potentially extend the benefit of planning and enable better control of the fine-grained make-ready process for production, but its shortcomings in the time-frame between Last Planner meetings have required additional practical coordination effort, which up to now has been based on the language action perspective. KW - Coordination theory KW - interdependence KW - production planning KW - Last Planner System PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1122/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1122 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Interventions in Effecting Change Towards Lean for Australian Building Contractors: Defect Management as a Case of Reference C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Perera, Salinda AU - Davis, Steven AU - Marosszeky, Marton AD - PhD Candidate, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Phone +61 422 179 306, sperera@evanspeck.com AD - Lecturer, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Phone +61 2 9385 5052 , sdavis@unsw.edu.au AD - Executive Consultant, Evans and Peck Pty Ltd. Level 6, Tower 2, 475 Victoria Ave, Chatswood, NSW, 2067, Australia, Phone +61 2 9495 0576, Email mmarosszeky@evanspeck.com ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Australian building contractors have been hesitant in embracing lean construction principles to date. The perceived gap between current practice and lean thinking, lack of simplified, user friendly tools to gain buy-in at site level have contributed as barriers. Others who have attempted some up-take have been discouraged due to lack of supporting cultural change to sustain the implementation of initiatives. The research conducted aims to reduce this gap through interventions to develop and refine simplified tools to effect cultural change towards defect avoidance. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of two years of action research in characterising current rework perceptions and progress made through defect incident records. An action research methodology that combined surveys and other empirical investigation for data collection and a cyclic process for interventions for change facilitation was adopted. Research was conducted on seven building construction sites in Sydney, Australia. The results confirm the gap between current practice and lean philosophies, greater risk, hesitance and buy-in difficulties at site level in implementing lean thinking. The broader framework developed for defect management and Defect Incident Record was implemented successfully on the pilot projects. It provided a significant step towards change in belief in defect free thinking. There are limitations in generalising the outcomes of this research as quantitative comparison of outcomes as a cause of interventions between construction projects are prohibitively difficult given the variety of variables observed. However, the qualitative comparisons provide valuable insights to further develop tools that may be used as a step towards the implementation of lean principles in construction. KW - Defect Incident Record (DIR) KW - Defect Management Framework KW - Lean Construction KW - Defect avoidance KW - Construction rework KW - Culture change PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1123/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1123 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Field Tests of the Kanbim™ Lean Production Management System C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Sacks, Rafael AU - Barak, Ronen AU - Belaciano, Biniamin AU - Gurevich, Ury AU - Pikas, Ergo AD - Assoc. Prof., Virtual Construction Lab, National Building Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, +972-4-8292245, cvsacks@tx.technion.ac.il AD - Research Engineer, Virtual Construction Lab, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology AD - Research Engineer, Virtual Construction Lab, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology AD - Graduate Student, Virtual Construction Lab, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology AD - Graduate Student, Virtual Construction Lab, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The KanBIM™ system is designed to support lean work flow control on construction sites. It facilitates short-term work planning and monitoring, providing clear visualization of the maturity of tasks planned and the status of work under way. The goal of the KanBIM research is to determine whether a BIM based workflow information system can help construction personnel implement lean pull flow strategies. An early prototype of system, with field reporting interfaces, a central database and a building information model, was implemented and tested on a large residential construction site. Although PPC and other results were measured, the main significance of the results lie in the site personnel’s positive experience with the system and their observations of the ways in which it could influence the behaviour and productivity of crews. These included recognition of the strong impact the system had in encouraging well-informed discussion and negotiation between crews concerning coordination of their work. The participants identified specific benefits a full implementation could bring to subcontractor trade managers, superintendents and various project management functions. KW - Information systems KW - Building information modelling KW - Lean production control KW - Process visualization KW - Field trials. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1124/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1124 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Modelling the Network of Commitments in the Last Planner System C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Viana, Daniela Dietz AU - Formoso, Carlos Torres AU - Isatto, Eduardo Luís AD - Architect, Doctor Student, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. danidietz@gmail.com AD - Ph.D., Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Phone +55 51 33083518, formoso@ufrgs.br AD - Dr., Associate Professor, Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. isatto@ufrgs.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Since the Last Planner System (LPS) was devised in the early Nineties, a number of studies have pointed out the need to understand the underlying theory in which it is based on. The Language-Action Perspective (LAP) has been suggested as a suitable approach to understand the management of commitments in the LPS. However, none of the previous studies have provided empirical evidence on the utility of LAP as a theoretical approach for explaining the LPS. This paper reports the results of a research project that aimed to investigate some benefit the utility of the LAP for evaluating the effectiveness of planning and control systems, emphasizing medium and short term planning. Two case studies were carried out in different construction companies, both of them highly experienced on the use of LPS. In each company, the production planning and control system of one project was assessed, based on the mapping of the network of commitments regarding the medium and short term planning levels. Besides, an in-depth analysis of planning meetings was made, describing how they were carried out, who effectively participated in decision-making, and how the commitments were managed. In both studies, it was possible to track down how the commitments were initiated, and in some cases to analyse the integrity of the workflow loops in the network of commitments, and the consequences of failures in those loops for the planning and control system. KW - Last Planner System KW - Language-Action Perspective KW - Network of Commitments KW - Production planning and control PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1125/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1125 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lessons Learned From Successful Value Stream Mapping (Vsm) C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Björnfot, Anders AU - Bildsten, Louise AU - Erikshammar, Jarkko AU - Haller, Martin AU - Simonsson, Peter AD - Tech. Dr., Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 492 067, FAX +46 920 491 091, anders.bjornfot@ltu.se AD - PhD student, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden, Phone +46 132 815 47, FAX +46 132 811 01, louise.bildsten@liu.se AD - Ph.D. Student, Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 491 860, jarkko.erikshammar@ltu.se AD - 4 Ph.D. Student, Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 491 276, martin.haller@ltu.se AD - Tech. Dr., Div. of Structural Engineering - Concrete Structures, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 491 860, peter.simonsson@ltu.se ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - To improve, it’s crucial to see! Vital characteristics of Lean are visualisation and transparency, i.e. allowing everyone to see all what occurs in production. A common tool for this purpose is Value Stream Mapping (VSM). Due to varying flows, performing a successful VSM in construction confers additional challenges. In this paper, lessons learned from successful VSM studies in construction are provided. Three VSM case studies were performed at different companies ranging from patio door manufacturing to kitchen cabinet assembly. Lessons learned can be structured into three phases; preparing the VSM (selecting “value stream leaders” and VSM team, clarifying values, etc.), performing the VSM (use of mapping tools, approximation of key indicators, waste identification, etc.), and following-up the VSM (Plan-Do-Check-Act, evaluating customer values, etc.). For the involved companies, the lessons learned imply the start of a “Lean journey” even though the involved companies found it difficult to relate VSM improvements to business strategies. Consequently, there are opportunities to further improve the application of VSM. However, it’s important to remember that VSM is about the straight-forward visualisation of flows and that these flows are made transparent for the whole organisation. KW - Value Stream Mapping (VSM) KW - Visualisation KW - Transparency KW - Lean Thinking KW - Value PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1126/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1126 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Reducing Precast Fabrication Inventory C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Ko, Chien-Ho AD - Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, e-mail: ko@mail.npust.edu.tw, phone: +886-8-7703202, fax: +886-8-7740122; Research Director, Lean Construction Institute-Taiwan; Executive Director, Lean Construction Institute-Asia. ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The objective of this study is to develop a framework for reducing precast fabrication inventory. The framework consists of three components. A time buffer evaluation is used to avoid fabricators losing capacity by considering demand variability. The second component, due date adjustment, shifts production curve closer to erection dates to reduce inventory. The third scheduling component arranges production sequences to achieve multi-objectives using genetic algorithms. The developed framework could reduce the level of finished goods inventory without changing production resources. It could also be used as a tool for creating and maintaining stability while attacking variability. KW - Precast fabrication KW - demand variability KW - inventory KW - scheduling. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1127/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1127 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - In Search of Lean Suppliers - Structuring a Preferred Supplier Program C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Elfving, Jan A. AU - Ballard, Glenn AD - Ph.D, Head of Nordic Procurement Unit at Skanska. Paciuksenkatu 25, 00101 Helsinki, Finland, Phone +358 40 738 6100, jan.elfving@skanska.fi AD - Professor, Civil and Env. Engineering. Department, and Director of the Project Production Systems Laboratory (p2sl.berkeley.edu), 215-B McLaughlin Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712, USA, Phone +1 415/710-5531, FAX 510/643-8919, ballard@ce.berkeley.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The lean literature emphasizes that one should involve suppliers in early stage decision-making, work cross-functionally, and long-term. Simple principles but how does one put this into practice in more than 2000 construction projects in multiple countries and with 26,000 suppliers? This paper proposes a model for building a long-term preferred supplier program. The specific objectives of the paper are: 1. To describe a model for a preferred supplier program, for both goods and service suppliers, in development within an international construction firm. 2. To explain the theoretical foundations and design choices involved in the preferred supplier program. The model is developed theoretically following the current state/future state methodology for process improvement. Proactive management of supplier relations goes beyond simple ‘buy for less’ or ‘select the best’ strategies. Grounded in the realization that competition is increasingly between production systems (supply networks) rather than individual companies, an adequate preferred supplier program reduces costs by eliminating waste and increases capabilities by developing skills and processes. The model provided in this paper fills a critical gap in knowledge. KW - Lean KW - supplier KW - supply chain management KW - preferred supplier program PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1128/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1128 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Discussion of Strategies for Measuring Workflow in Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Bølviken, Trond AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AD - Director, Business Development and Strategy, Veidekke Entreprenør AS, P.O. Box 506 Skøyen, N-0214 Oslo, trond.bolviken@veidekke.no (Veidekke Entreprenør AS is a Norwegian subsidiary of Veidekke ASA, a major Scandinavian construction and real-estate-development company) AD - Dr.Ing, Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Working Life and Innovation, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Phone +47 37 25 30 00, e-mail: bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper is part of a larger, on-going research project on workflow in construction. In the paper we present a conceptualisation of flow, and identify and discuss different possible strategies for measuring workflow. The premise for our conceptualisation of flow is that it must integrate the two dimensions of uniformity (smoothness) and intensity (volume). In terms of methods for measuring workflow, we discuss the pros and cons of using indicators versus direct measurement; and of self-assessment versus third-party observations. We identify the following potential approaches or starting points for measurement, and offer a short discussion of their relative merits:  The actors’ perception of work stoppage (extent and causes)  The actors’ perception of the degree of workflow  The actors’ perception of the distribution between flow, making do, and stoppage  Percentage of Plan Completed (PPC)  Actual time use compared to estimate  Perfect person-to-person handover of work  Perfect handover of work between trades  Detailed breakdown of planned activities and studies of individual time use of time use  Piece-work earnings  Turnover per person per time unit We offer no conclusion as to which of these approaches to measurement is best suited to the purpose of measuring workflow; however, we do provide a description of the process towards reaching such a conclusion in the future. KW - Flow KW - workflow KW - measurement. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1129/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1129 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrated Inward Logistics and Construction Work and its Impact on Efficency in Production C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Kalsaas, Bo Terje AU - Thorstensen, Rein Terje AU - Grepperud, Andreas AU - Hinlo, Halvard AU - Jensen, Sigmund AU - Skaar, John AD - Associate Professor, Dr.Ing, Faculty of economics and social sciences, Department of working life and innovation, University of Agder, 4846 Grimstad, Norway, Phone +47 37 23 30 00, e-mail: bo.t.kalsaas@uia.no . AD - Head of Department for Engineering Sciences, University of Agder, Norway, Phone +47 37 23 30 00 e-mail: rein.t.thorstensen@uia.no AD - Master student, Industrial management, University of Agder AD - Master student, Industrial management, University of Agder AD - Supply Chain Manager, SKANSKA Norway, e-mail: sigmund.jensen@skanska.no AD - QA Manager and HSE/Lean consultant, Skanska Agder Norway, e-mail: John.Skaar@skanska.no ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - We address a main contractor’s implementation of organising logistics, as part of the contractor’s transition to lean construction. Our research question is ‘How to identify improvements in production, on the basis of different external logistics and material flows?’ Engineering logic is applied in the paper, which builds on data from a case study. We discuss how to measure changes in production workflow efficiency, and relate this discussion to different external logistics arrangements. We only partially succeed at answering our research question in this paper, but useful experience for increasing the reliability of future measurements has been gathered, and means of improving validity have been identified. We expect practitioners to find the paper useful because of our logistics focus and method for measuring impact of logistics on production. Academics are expected to find value in our conceptualisation of the relationship between external logistics and construction work. KW - External construction logistics KW - production KW - construction work KW - workflow efficiency. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1130/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1130 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Developing a Strategy to Enact Lean C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Morrey, Nicola AU - Pasquire, Christine AU - Dainty, Andrew AD - Research Engineer, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, N.Morrey@lboro.ac.uk AD - Professor, Nottingham Trent University, Christine.Pasquire@ntu.ac.uk AD - Professor, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, Phone 01509 228742 A.R.J.Dainty@lboro.ac.uk ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The purpose of this paper is to explain how the case study company developed a strategy to implement lean across the business, and to reflect on the success of this approach so other companies may consider this learning and how it might be useful to them. The case study company developed a strategy to create a number of standard tools/ways of working. These tools can be considered to be standardised work for key aspects of the construction process that the company undertakes. The aim of the tools was to ensure that critical tasks would be carried out to the correct standard (quality, time, cost, health & safety) every time, across the business. Achievement of this is expected to lead to improved performance and elimination of variation (waste.) The paper will firstly explain, with reference to the relevant literature, how and why the researcher developed a strategy to engage people from within the business in the development of the tools. Working with numerous groups within the business, the researcher then put this strategy into action, with the outcome being the completed tools. The findings of the paper show that whilst the completed tools delivered business benefits, the development of the tools did not follow the planned strategy. The paper discusses how the strategy had to be continuously adapted to cope with the current business environment and path dependencies, evidencing that lean implementations need to be tailored to suit the needs of the individual firm, rather than there being a one size fits all solution. Further, the conclusions will be set in the context of what lean has become to mean to the case study organisation, and how this sits in the wider debate of whether lean is an all encompassing philosophy or a set of prescriptive tools and techniques. KW - lean KW - standardised work KW - waste KW - strategy KW - change PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1131/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1131 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Value Flow of a Workplace in Construction Process – A Case Study C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Luoma, Tuuli AU - Junnila, Seppo AD - Researcher, Real Estate Business, Aalto University School of Engineering, PO Box 11200 FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Phone +358 50 594 6727, tuuli.luoma@aalto.fi AD - Professor, Real Estate Business, Aalto University School of Engineering, PO Box 11200 FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Phone +358 50 511 5816, seppo.junnila@aalto.fi ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Lean construction papers have shown a great deal of interest in project management and delivery. However, the end-customer or tenant perspective has not yet been emphasised similarly in the lean construction literature. This paper focuses on end-customer value creation in construction projects. The specific focus is on workplace creation through the construction project. The purpose of the paper is to assess how the end-customer value is managed in a workplace construction project. The end-customer value and the value flow of a workplace creation project are analysed through value stream mapping in a descriptive case study. A generic map of value creation with the utilised investment management process is constructed according to the documents of the case, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires. The value stream analysis showed that a workplace project can potentially produce significant additional value for the end-customer, but inadequate value management during the investment process can waste the potential. The studied investment management process was found not to support value management; instead it focused heavily on optimising the delivery and managing the investment costs of sub-processes. In order to enhance the end-customer value creation in workplace construction process the role of value stream management needs to be highlighted along with delivery. KW - value production KW - value management KW - workplace creation KW - case study PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1132/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1132 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Case Study Into Task Variation and the Social Network of Construction Trades C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Wambeke, Brad W. AU - Liu, Min AU - Hsiang, Simon M. AD - Academy Professor, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996; PH (910) 988-9488; email bwwambek@ncsu.edu AD - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908; PH (919) 513-7920; email min_liu@ncsu.edu AD - Derr Professor, Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409; PH (806)742-3543 email simon.hsiang@ttu.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Construction projects can be complex and managers are faced with the challenge of managing multiple trades working on a large number of interdependent tasks. When one trade or task experiences variation, defined as the time difference between what was planned and what happened for this research, additional trades or tasks can be impacted, the project schedule can be disrupted, and/or productivity can suffer. A case study involving a general contractor (GC) building a 150,000 square foot data collection center was conducted. Both starting time and task duration variation data was collected on approximately 1200 tasks performed by over 40 trades. A risk assessment matrix was used to determine which causes of variation posed the greatest risk to project performance. Pajek, a social network analysis software, was used to illustrate the organizational structure of the key trades throughout the project. The research is unique as it couples the quantitative variation analysis with the associated social network of trades to create a decision support system that can be used to target variation for reduction. The results of this research are repeatable and can be useful for managers in improving project performance. KW - Variation KW - risk assessment KW - social network KW - labor productivity KW - construction. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1133/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1133 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Horizontal Supply Chain Collaboration in Swedish and Norwegian SME Networks C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Bjornfot, Anders AU - Torjussen, Liv AU - Erikshammar, Jarkko AD - Tech. Dr., Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 492 067, FAX +46 920 491 091, anders.bjornfot@ltu.se AD - Lecturer, Division of Technology and Management, Gjøvik University College, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway, Phone +47 957 254 70, livt@hig.no AD - Ph.D. Student, Div. of Structural Engineering - Timber Structures, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden, Phone +46 920 491 860, jarkko.erikshammar@ltu.se ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - An SME is often managed in an informal way with focus on sales and production. Many SME are also financially vulnerable as they are strongly dependent on a few key customers and key products. As variation will always exist, SME should learn to deal with variation instead of try eliminating it. This paper hypothesises that structural flexibility in SME supply chains through horizontal collaboration leads to a regional environment of economical growth from which all active SME will benefit The hypothesis is examined through two case studies; a Swedish supplier network that has worked together six year and a freshly started Norwegian supplier network. The Swedish suppliers are cooperating; e.g. in case of low capacity, they are sharing production resources. Another benefit of cooperation, supported by Norwegian findings, is the sharing of knowledge amongst each other that lessens the economical strain of keeping up with the “latest”. Cooperation within supplier tier networks marks the emergence of a “collective strength” improving individual suppliers bargaining position towards their customers, e.g. when obtaining new orders, when lobbying for changes in regulations, or when developing and verifying new products. This evolution indicates the emergence of a “Lean Enterprise” within the house building sector. KW - Horizontal supply chain management KW - Construction suppliers KW - Collaboration KW - SME PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1134/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1134 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Production in the Precast Concrete Components' Industry C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Deffense, Jean AU - Cachadinha, Nuno AD - MS.c in Civil Engineering. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Phone +351 214673485 ; jeandeffense@gmail.com AD - Assistant Professor, UNIDEMI, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, , Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. Phone +351 212948557, n.cachadinha@fct.unl.pt ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This article is a case study applying Lean Thinking and Lean Production principles in a factory that produces prefabricated reinforced concrete components. The objective is to reduce waste production and increase productivity. Nine factories were analyzed, of which one was chosen for developing an implementation model. A number of changes were proposed based on Lean concepts and the study of several similar factories to improve productivity. A Black Belt Team was created to improve the execution and continuance of the lean concepts. Value Stream Mapping was also used as an aid in the identification of existing waste and improvement opportunities, to which various Lean tools were applied in order to solve the identified problems. The main conclusions of this study are that it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in the production system of prefabricated reinforced concrete components using Lean philosophy. Improvements in the reduction of lead-time, reduction of waste and increase in productivity are achieved with simple and low cost techniques. KW - Lean Production KW - Value Stream Mapping KW - Black Belt Team KW - Implementation Model KW - Prefabrication PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1135/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1135 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction in Rehavilitation Works - Suitable Analysis and Contribution for the Degintion of an Application Model C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Pereira, Diogo AU - Cachadinha, Nuno AD - MS.c student, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Phone +351 962575885,dsmpereira@gmail.com AD - Assistant Professor, UNIDEMI, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Phone +351 212948557, ncachadinha@fct.unl.pt ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - In recent years, the construction industry in Portugal has been waking up to the paradigm of Lean Construction. This is due, in part, to the strong global economic crisis and the consequent need to increase the competitiveness of enterprises. The aim of this paper is to assess the applicability of the Lean Construction techniques in rehabilitation works, as well as to contribute to the definition of a corresponding application model. This article reports the application of Lean Construction techniques in a rehabilitation project, having used the methodology of document analysis, direct visualization of processes, development of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) of the target processes and implementation and review of proposals for improvement. Finally, interviews were conducted on key elements of senior management of the company in order to evaluate the receptivity to the proposed changes and their generalization potential to the whole of the rehabilitation works of the company. It was concluded that it is possible and beneficial to implement Lean techniques in rehabilitation works. It was noticed that some of the good practices implemented on site closely matched or even completely materialized Lean techniques, such as Just in Time (JIT), the 5S, Kanban and Last Planner. However, and having in mind the Lean philosophy of continuous improvement (kaizen), it was still possible to formulate proposals for improvement to processes not yet fully optimized. KW - Lean Construction KW - Rehabilitation KW - Value Stream Mapping KW - Waste Disposal KW - Continuous Flow. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1136/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1136 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction and Sustainability - Complementary Paradigms? A Case Study C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Vieira, Alexandra Rueff AU - Cachadinha, Nuno AD - MS.c Student, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Phone +351 914681379, xanarueff@gmail.com AD - Assistant Professor, UNIDEMI, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. Phone +351 212948557, n.cachadinha@fct.unl.pt ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - In times when Sustainability is a major concern in public opinions all around the planet, it has become a constant issue for most Industries. The Construction Sector is not an exception to this trend, and efforts have been reported on seeking to adopt metrics that can measure Sustainability on site. On the other hand, the concept of Lean Construction (LC) is becoming a reality more and more present in this sector. Its effectiveness in controlling and eliminating wastes are becoming more and more acknowledged. Both concepts appear to have significant principles in common, hence this paper intends to examine and establish a relationship between LC and Sustainability, and assess their complementarity. This paper portrays a case study where LC tools and techniques where applied on a construction site, in order to observe and assess the relationship and complementarity between those and the Sustainability Construction Index (SCI) developed by a major Portuguese Construction Company, Soares da Costa Construções, S.A. (SDC). KW - Lean Construction KW - Sustainable Development and sustainable metrics KW - Portugal KW - Sustainability PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1137/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1137 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Suitability and Benefits of Implementing Lean Production on Road Works C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Gaio, Joao AU - Cachadinha, Nuno AD - MS.c. student, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Phone +351914146494, nuno_gaio@hotmail.com AD - Assistant Professor, UNIDEMI, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Phone +351212948557, ncachadinha@fct.unl.pt ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Lean Production (LP) has been implemented all over the world for the last years, while Lean Construction (LC) just recently began to be implemented regularly in the construction sector. Some companies are currently testing LC methods, but the majority is still unaware of its potential. The purpose of this work is to assess the applicability and benefits of using Lean construction to road works, by means of the elimination of waste. This article is based upon a literature review on Lean principles and on case studies in Portuguese roadwork companies. Value Stream Mapping of the production process on site was carried out in different jobs and companies, in order to assess the generalization of the observations, results obtained and of the solutions proposed. Finally, the results and conclusions obtained were validated in one road works job site. A characterization and analysis of the waste types and forms in road works was achieved, and the Lean tools that reduce or eliminate them identified. This study sets out to identify the main problems and wastes present in road works, and assess how and to what extent LC provides solutions to their correction or elimination, introducing simple modifications in the processes. KW - Lean construction KW - waste KW - road works KW - Value Stream mapping PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1138/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1138 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementing Last Planner in Open Pit Mining Projects: Case Study C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Rosas, Eduardo AU - Rios, Leslie AU - Carrera, Danier AD - Civil Engineer. Investigations / Knowledge Manager, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444/99414-8739, jrosas@gym.com.pe AD - Civil Engineer. Investigations / Knowledge, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444, lrios@gym.com.pe AD - Mining Engineer. Facilitator, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444, dcarrera@gym.com.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Surface mining operations have particular attributes resulting from geological variability. This paper aims to show improvements gained from the implementation of the Last Planner System (LPS) in open pit mining. Lean Construction concepts and principles had never previously been implemented in this kind of heavy civil construction project in Peru. With the Last Planner System of production control implemented, it is anticipated that productivity will improve as well as planning reliability (Ballard and Howell 1997) to match the degree of variability in the project’s characteristics. This is likely to help the company currently under analysis, GyM, to increase efficiency and generate value in clients and stakeholders of all surface mining projects. The best practices in planning and operations control have been collected from two case studies, the Shougang and Brocal projects, in which there was successful implementation of Last Planner System (LPS) in big surface mining services carried out for GyM. This paper will analyze results from both, and propose adequate means to a sustainable LPS in all open pit mining projects. KW - Open pit mining KW - Last Planner System KW - Implementation KW - Management System PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1139/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1139 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Education: Basic Management Functions Workshop C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Izquierdo, Jorge L. AU - Cerf, Mario AU - Gomez, Santiago A. AD - Corporate Learning Center Manager, Graña y Montero; LCI (Peru) Chapter President, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Mobile: +511 995951041, Phone: +511 2130444, jizquierdo@gym.cpm.pe AD - Industrial Engineer. Implementor, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444, mcerf@gym.com.pe AD - Civil Engineer. Investigations / Knowledge, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444, sgomez@gym.com.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper aims to show that a five-day workshop designed to train young Engineers based on a teaching method inspired on the Toyota production system, are both very effective and highly significant. It develops seven Basic Functions of production management based firmly on the Lean Principles. The goal of the Basic Management Functions Workshop (BMFW) is to build in participants abilities in production management, a predictive capacity while carrying out tasks, a balance of workload, the identification of constraints and productivity. The above mentioned development is supplemented by project management tools such as cost control, progress monitoring, Lookahead and constraints analysis, all framed within the processes of planning, scheduling, analysis and monitoring of constraints and contract management. The overall goal is to increase the growth of the organization through a strictly people-based approach. It allows a fast alignment of new employees in the company, since there is a strong commitment to individual growth and awareness of the principles of the Lean Construction System, with a strong emphasis on the Client, based on the principles of “maximizing value” and “minimizing waste”. Based on past experiences of the workshop as part of the learning process within the company, there is no doubting for the authors that it has been a complete success, and could even be the first step towards a breakthrough in construction-related teaching in Peru. KW - Lean KW - education KW - basic functions KW - Socratic method KW - feedback. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1140/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1140 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - The Challenges of Managing Stakeholder Requirements in a Urban Regeneration Project C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Tillmann, Patricia A. AU - Tzortzopoulos, Patricia AU - Miron, Luciana I.G. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AD - PhD student, Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Phone + 55 51 3308 3518, patriciatillmann@gmail.com AD - Senior Lecture, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford; UK. Phone +44 161 2954284; p.tzortzopoulos@salford.ac.uk AD - Professor, School of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Phone + 55 51 3308 4054, luciana.miron@ufrgs.br AD - Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Phone + 55 51 3308 4054, formoso@ufrgs.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Traditional project management approaches have been criticised in recent years for being inadequate for the growing complexity of construction projects. Among the main criticisms are the inadequacy to deal with a social and political context, the dynamics of the environment and the need for further judgment during project implementation. Within this context, studies are looking at alternatives to move beyond this traditional view of project management. This paper presents the results from a case study carried out in an urban regeneration project in Brazil. The aim is to illustrate the challenges of dealing with myriad requirements that result from different stakeholders groups involved in complex construction projects. In such complex projects, there is a wide range of stakeholders, which change over time. This is partially due to long periods of project development and implementation. Moreover, their influence cannot always be predicted from the outset. Thus, despite the contributions in the literature regarding the need to manage stakeholder expectations and influences, this empirical study shows that in practice many challenges remain, and alternative solutions are still lacking in the project management literature. KW - Stakeholders management KW - requirements management KW - complex programmes KW - urban regeneration programmes PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1141/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1141 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Tools for Design Management in Building Projects C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Orihuela, Pablo AU - Oriheula, Jorge AU - Ulloa, Karem AD - M.D.I., Senior Lecturer, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, General Manager, Motiva S.A.,Lima, Peru, Phone: 0051/4224932, porihuela@motiva.com.pe AD - Lecturer, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Architect, Motiva S.A., Lima, Peru, Phone: 0051/4224932, jorihuela@motiva.com.pe AD - Civil Engineer, Project Coordinator, Motiva S.A., Lima, Peru, Phone: 0051/4224932, kulloa@motiva.com.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Lean Construction philosophy is increasingly being used by construction companies to improve their production; however, in this industry, such applications are most frequently in the construction phase that in the design phase. The purpose of this paper is to propose the necessary and customised tools for applying Lean concepts to the building project design management. As a guide, this paper uses the steps recommended in the Project Definition and Lean Design phases, based on the Lean Project Delivery System TM. It adapts each module application and selects some tools regarded as the most appropriated. These tools have been gradually implemented in the authors’ office – same that design and execute building projects - with encouraging results. Application of such simple tools has helped us to eliminate wastes and prevent redesign. Good design management improves building project productivity and quality in other phases of the project; thus it benefits design and construction companies, as well as consumers who purchase these products. However, we consider that one of the biggest challenges is to align designers with these principles and commit these professionals to apply them. KW - Design management KW - lean project delivery system KW - project definition KW - lean design PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1142/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1142 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigating the Relationship Between Labor Productivity and Work-in-Process Buffers: A Case Study C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Gonzalez, Luis AU - Gonzalez, Vicente AU - Miller, Garry AD - Undergraduate Student, Construction Engineering School, Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile. E-Mail: luis.gonzalez@uv.cl AD - PhD, Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. E-Mail: v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz AD - Professional Teaching Fellow, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. E-Mail: g.miller@auckland.ac.nz ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - In the last two decades, buffer-driven production strategies have been an emerging issue among lean construction researchers and practitioners alike. However, an in-depth understanding about the extent to which buffers impact system performance is still limited in construction, reducing the potential of using them to improve performance. To overcome this, the relationship between task-level labor productivity and buffer levels in a repetitive building project is investigated. In this research, a specific kind of inventory buffer is studied: work-in-process (WIP). A specific process was selected and analyzed in-detail as a case study to understand this relationship. The main result of this research indicates, through a linear regression, that an improvement in task-level labor productivity may be achieved when WIP buffer sizes greater than the size proposed by the lean ideal or the industry practice. However, this suggests a more in-depth investigation about the mechanisms operating in theory and practice in managing buffers in construction. Further research should focus on improving the analytical description of the relationship productivity/buffer on-site, as well as the understanding of the mechanisms at task and multiple task levels working in this relationship, and developing practical ways of using buffers to improve project-level performance. KW - Buffers KW - Labor Productivity KW - Work-In-Process KW - Performance. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1143/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1143 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluation of Social Housing Projects Based on User Perceived Value Hierarchy C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Bonatto, Fernanda S. AU - Miron, Luciana I.G. AU - Formoso, Carlos T. AD - M.Sc., Building Innovation Research Unit (NORIE), Fed. Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-190, e-mail: febonatto@gmail.com AD - Dr., Associate Professor, School of Architecture and Urbanism, NORIE/UFRGS, Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP: 90.035-190, e-mail: luciana.miron@ufrgs.br AD - Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Engineering, NORIE/UFRGS, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP: 90035-190, e-mail: formoso@ufrgs.br ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The evaluation of projects plays an important role in the effort to improve value generation in social housing. However, the diversity and dynamics of housing programs and the lack of clarity in project objectives may hinder the evaluation process of this type of product. The evaluation of social housing projects is often focused on product attributes, without establishing a clear connection with the expected objectives. This paper proposes a method for the evaluation of social housing projects, based on a hierarchical model for value generation, which links the product attributes to the consequences of use and intended goals. This method was conceived so that it can be used for comparing projects from different housing programs.. The research approach adopted was constructive research. The main contributions of the study are the development of the method, which uses a conceptual model for representing value generation, and a set of constructs that can be used to represent the main elements of housing projects, the consequences of use and the project objectives. KW - Value generation KW - post-occupation evaluation KW - social housing projects KW - constructive research. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1144/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1144 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Last Planner and Zero Accidents Program Integration - Workforce Involvement Perspective C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Leino, Antti AU - Elfving, Jan AD - Manager for Safety Development, Business Unit Skanska Finland, P.O.BOX 114, FI-00101 Helsinki-Finland, Phone +358 20 719 2082, antti.leino@skanska.fi AD - Head of Nordic Procurement Unit, Skanska AB, P.O.BOX 114, FI-00101 Helsinki-Finland, Phone +358 20 719 3168, jan.elfving@skanska.fi ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Construction is one of the most dangerous industries. In the European Union around 1300 workers are killed each year (EASHW, 2004). Additionally, the economic costs of all injuries, ill health and fatalities are vast. This questions the whole construction sector from both social and economical perspective of sustainable development. Construction organisation Skanska Finland has applied zero accidents program since 2004. Implementation of Last Planner™ System to the organisation, as a part of the lean construction production management initiative, started in 2006. There is a variety of lean construction (LC) learning approaches described (Hirota, E. H., Formoso, C. T., 1998). Also benefits in the use of Last Planner™ System on safety performance have been reported (Thomassen M. K. et al, 2002). The literature does not, however, report integrated implementation of LC and zero accidents program. Decision on introducing shared actions to implement Last Planner™ system (LP) and zero accidents program were made. This was based on two hypotheses. H1: LP will offer a framework and structure to health and safety (H&S) management and zero accidents program will offer stepping stones to educate and train lean thinking. H2: LP and zero accidents program implementation require workforce engagement. Better workforce involvement will increase weekly work plan reliability, thus increasing productivity. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used during 2007-2010. Meetings, discussions and personnel surveys were used to collect data from personnel. Study shows shared value-base between the two initiatives, e.g. valuing, respecting people, zero waste and prevention policy. Integrated use of tools such as go-see, visualisation, constraints removal and workforce engagement is not only beneficial but often necessary to achieve improvement, e.g. to create mutual trust to the change process. Workforce involvement also seems to increase weekly work plan reliability. KW - Involvement KW - Safety KW - Accident KW - Lean KW - Construction KW - Last Planner™ KW - Workforce PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1145/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1145 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Using Empirical Data to Identigy Effective Safety Management Strategies in Construction Companies C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Alarcon, Luis Fernando AU - Acuna, Diego AU - Diethelm, Sven AD - Head and Professor, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. E-Mail: lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Graduate Researcher, Centro de Excelencia en Gestión de Producción (GEPUC), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. E-Mail: deacuna@puc.cl AD - Manager, Centro de Excelencia en Gestión de Producción (GEPUC), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. E-Mail: sdiethel@gepuc.cl ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper explores the use of mathematical analyses methods to identify the components of effective management strategies applied by a safety management organization in construction companies. The authors believe that effective methods and strategies are closely related to Lean Construction strategies and one objective of this research was to explore this hypothesis. In Chile, “Safety Mutuals” are nonprofit organizations that provide medical insurance and technical assistance on safety management to companies in all the economic areas. In the last 40 years these institutions have helped to reduce accidents to 1/5th in the Chilean companies. Over the years they have introduced hundreds of methods/practices to prevent and mitigate accidents; however, there is little evidence of the effectiveness of individual or combined methods used in companies to manage safety issues. The authors selected a sample of over 1100 construction firms, and 221 individual methods/practices applied in these companies to analyze their effectiveness in reducing injury rates over a period of 4 years. Different methods were used to analyze a massive database including: visual analysis of graphical information, statistical analyses, and several data mining techniques. A survey to companies was also prepared to complement the data analysis and identify the relationship of safety methods with lean practices but these results are not available yet and will be reported in a future paper. The analysis of safety performance and associated safety practices allowed the identification of trends, individual and combined impacts of practices and the selection of analysis methods that have the potential to support the design of safety management strategies in the near future. KW - Construction KW - Safety Management KW - Partnering KW - Relational Contracting. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1146/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1146 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Model for the Evaluation of Owner's Management Approach to Third Party Relations: Lessons From the Mining Industry C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Palacios, Jorge Luis AU - Gonzalez, Vicente AU - Alarcon, Luis Fernando AD - Head, Civil Engineering School, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador; jlpalacios@utpl.edu.ec AD - PhD, Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; v.gonzalez@auckland.ac.nz AD - Professor and Head, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; lalarcon@ing.puc.cl ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Construction projects are increasingly executed under complex relationships between the parties involved. The traditional contracting approaches have not proved to be very effective to deliver successful projects, affecting the ability of owners to manage the relationship with their third parties (contractors). Moreover, these approaches promote adversarial relationships between them, causing detrimental effects on project performance. The negative impacts produced by using traditional contracting frames suggest the use of more collaborative approaches to manage their relationship between owners and third parties, which improve the quality of the relationships and performance. In this paper, a model to support the selection of third party relations is proposed, which is based on Partnering, Alliancing, Lean Project Delivery and Relational Contracting principles and it is developed in mining projects. By a detailed literature review and open interviews to experts in managing world class mining projects, the model implemented in an informal matrix was developed regarding three relational levels: (1)Traditional/Transactional, (2)Partnering/Transactional with agreement and (3)Alliancing/Relational. The main implications and lessons learned for construction from the model application in mining projects are illustrated and their potential to improve the relationship between parties and project performance is addressed. KW - Partnering KW - Alliancing KW - Relational Contracts KW - Lean Project Delivery KW - Integrated Project Delivery PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1147/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1147 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Impacts Of "The Last Planner" Method on Sanitation Works C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Levano, Agustin Yoza AD - Implementations Coordinator in the Project Management Department, Civil Engineer. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, GyM, Mobile: (511) 985105398, Telephone: (511) 2130444 – extensión 0233, ayoza@gym.com.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This document brings together the concepts and applications of Production Management, based on Last Planner techniques, as applied in the works of Sedapal Lot 7 and Lot 10, with the purpose of passing on our experience in Sanitation Projects so that the reader can understand the dynamics applied and adapt them into his/her own work, related to the emphasis on planning and optimization of flows by means of waste detection and continuous improvement application. KW - Flow KW - Planning KW - Programming KW - Requirements KW - Production PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1148/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1148 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Research Synthesis on the Interface Between Lean Construction and Safety Management C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Antillon, Eric I. AU - Alarcon, Luis F. AU - Hallowell, Matthew R. AU - Molenaar, Keith R. AD - Research Assistant, Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0428, Phone +1 303/735-0185, Fax 303/492-7317; eric.antillon@colorado.edu AD - Professor, Department of Construction, Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macúl, Campus San Joaquín, Edificio San Agustín, 3rd Floor, 7820436, Santiago, Chile, Phone +56 2/3544345, Fax 2/3544806; lalarcon@ing.puc.cl AD - Assistant Professor, Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0428, Phone +1 303/492-7994, Fax 303/492-7317; matthew.hallowell@colorado.edu AD - Associate Professor, Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0428, Phone +1 303/735-4276, Fax 303/492-7317; keith.molenaar@colorado.edu ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Applying lean construction practices to safety management is a promising research area and has been discussed by multiple authors. Some researchers propose that the reduction of occupational hazards is a naturally occurring effect of the implementation of lean practices. To further understand how lean practices affect project safety performance, an interaction matrix between lean construction and safety management practices was developed by performing a research synthesis and validating the synthesis with structured interviews. The variables analyzed in this interaction matrix were elements of the lean production system such as the last planner system, autonomation, and standardization, and the most common safety management practices such as planning and staffing for safety. The interface between lean construction and safety management was systematically analyzed by assessing the conclusions from previous investigations. The results indicate that there is a significant amount of evidence of synergy between lean production practices and safety management practices. For example, project-specific safety objectives can be incorporated in the lookahead planning process, and autonomation could be directly extended to worker involvement in such a way that workers can stop production whenever they feel in danger, among others. This evidence, along with the results obtained from the analysis of the interaction matrix, can also help to develop and integrate future production and safety management models. KW - Lean Construction KW - Last Planner KW - Safety Management KW - Research Synthesis KW - Interaction Matrix PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1149/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1149 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - A Project-Based View of the Link Between Strategy, Structure and Lean Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Filho, Antonio N. de Miranda AU - Heineck, Luiz F.M. AU - Costa, Jorge Moreira da AD - Civil Engineer, M.Sc., Ph.D., CEO, Construtora Santo Amaro Ltda., Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, anmirandaf@yahoo.com.br AD - Civil Engineer, Ph.D., Senior Professor, Production Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. freitas8@terra.com.br AD - Civil Engineer, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal, jmfcosta@fe.up.pt ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Currently, there is a good understanding that companies do not obtain satisfactory results when lean practices are implemented alone. The benefits can only be realized by making a substantial number of organizational changes, which in turn need to be coherent with the business strategy. However, contextual factors drive companies to adopt different business strategies, organizational structures and bundles of production practices. Consequently, the sequence and content of business development projects aimed to implement and test lean construction practices can vary according to each firm’s internal characteristics and conjunctural needs. This paper argues that lean implementation is not an isolated event, but part of an effort to create a strategy-structure alignment. Moreover, because lean implementation is conducted through different internal projects, it is also argued that projects constitute the link between business strategy, organizational structure and lean processes. A model is proposed to explain the role that projects play in interlinking strategy, structure and processes. In doing so, the authors hope to bring awareness to the bigger changes behind lean implementation and to the challenges of building “finely-tuned” organizations for specific missions. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1150/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1150 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Awarness in Australian Construction: Investigating the Extent of Lean Adoption Across Australian Construction Sectors C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Chesworth, Brianna AU - London, Kerry AU - Gajendran, Thayaparan AD - PhD Candidate, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, 2308. Phone +61 2 49215489, c3023881@uon.edu.au AD - Professor, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia. Phone +; Kerry.London@rmit.edu.au AD - Dr, Senior Lecturer, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, 2308. Phone +61 2 4921, Gajendran.Thayaparan@newcastle.edu.au ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - Lean construction, its principles, tools and strategies have been widely implemented around the world, including the USA, UK, Europe and Asia. The extent and adoption of lean strategies, principles and tools within the Australian construction industry is not widely known, despite the presence of implementation and industry awareness about lean benefits. The purpose and aim of this paper is to quantitatively explore the presence, extent and awareness of lean construction principles within the Australian construction industry, as a point of reference for further study into adoption and implementation rates. A quantitative methodological approach of a questionnaire has been utilised to investigate a small population size of 1,898 of Australian companies. The focus of thee study includes residential-building, non-residential building (commercial and industrial) and other forms of building. The study also views awareness levels from public and private construction sectors. Of the population size a response rate of 42% was achieved. Of this rate 43% were residential, 29% were commercial, 19% were industrial and 9% were identified as other. The results of the questionnaire highlight that despite the lack of awareness of lean terminology, the majority of Australian construction organisations within the construction industry sector have and are utilising some lean strategies, tools or principles within their organisations. KW - Australian construction industry KW - lean construction KW - awareness KW - survey PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1151/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1151 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Employing the Principle Of "Going and Seeing" to Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Samudio, Mike AU - Alves, Thais da C.L. AU - Chambers, David AD - Senior Project Manager, Rudolph and Sletten, 10955 Vista Sorrento Parkway, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92130, U.S.A. Mike_Samudio@rsconst.com AD - Assistant Professor, J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program, Dept. of Civil, Constr., and Envir. Engrg., San Diego State University, talves@mail.sdsu.edu AD - Concrete General Foreman, Rudolph and Sletten, Dave_Chambers@rsconst.com ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The paper describes the team’s journey from learning about the main production problems to going and seeing in the field how to improve operations and plan reliability in a large laboratory project replacement in San Diego, CA. Analyzing root causes the team realized the two categories that reduced reliability were over-committing and revising the plan. The counter measures employed improved performance in these categories, which improved reliability of meeting scheduled commitments. However, unexpectedly cycle times for concrete wall pours increased. In order to solve the problem, the team employed the principle of “going and seeing” to gather relevant information to make informed decisions. The production line was observed for several hours a day, performance was measured, and barriers to flow were documented. The result of “going and seeing” brought the team closer to managing the project as a production line. The data collected provided insight to the contributing factors to production cycle times including wait time, inventory, and rework. Tools employed to track the data included value stream maps and employee feedback to inform project planning. This provided the necessary balance to complement the implementation of Last Planner on this hard bid federal project. KW - Go and see KW - Gemba KW - Last Planner System™ KW - value stream map KW - laboratory building PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1152/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1152 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Formalization as a Way of Coordination and Control in a Construction Firm C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Villagarcia, Sofia AD - Civil Engineer at GyM SA, Assistant Professor at the Civil Engineering. Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lecturer at the EPUPC Escuela de Postgrado de la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas. svillagarcia@gym.com.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The Construction Industry is characterized by intensive use of labour, low use of technology, many disciplines and participants involved; all these factors make the environment very uncertain. Uncertainty increases the amount of information to be processed and, in many occasions, overwhelms the firm’s capacity to process information. A way to reduce the amount of information to be processed is Formalization that represents the rules in the organization to obtain standardized behaviour. Our study on this paper is focused in the importance of formalization. This is a characteristic of the organizational structure of a firm, and can be used as a way of controlling and managing information. We stand that organizational design is a determining factor in the success of the implementation of new management philosophies. In particular, we study the case of a Large Peruvian Construction Firm, GyM, which is seen as a local benchmark of productivity and quality, being that in the last decade lean concepts have been implemented in its projects. KW - Organizational Structure KW - Formalization KW - Information flow management. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1153/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1153 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Working to Improve the Lookahead Plan C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Alves, Thais da C.L. AU - Britt, Kevin AD - Assistant Professor, J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182-1324, USA, Phone +1 619/594-8289, talves@mail.sdsu.edu AD - DPR Construction, 5010 Shoreham Place, San Diego, CA 92122, USA, Phone +1 858/597-7070, kevinbr@dpr.com ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The paper presents the journey of a general contractor to improve the lookahead planning process of a large healthcare facility in California. During the process managers, superintendents, designers, and owner’s representatives all come together to identify task needs and spot potential constraints that need to be removed before tasks can happen. In a large and complex project such as a healthcare facility this is a daunting task that requires intense collaboration and clear flows of information and commitments, which must be tracked throughout time. The paper describes approaches used by the construction manager’s team during the past year and a half to improve the make ready process, which is a fundamental part of the lookahead process. After trying multiple ways to improve the process the team is using a mix of on-site meetings and computer-based technologies to make constraints visible to all participants, improve the time to remove constraints, and give feedback to production crews. The process described is common to many contractors who work to keep track of commitments in projects of all sizes. The paper presents the journey the team in this project went through and some of the lessons they learned during the process. KW - Lookahead planning KW - make ready process KW - healthcare facilities. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1154/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1154 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Lean Construction Education: Basic Management Functions Workshop C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Izquierdo, Jorge L. AU - Cerf, Mario AU - Gomez, Santiago A. AD - Corporate Learning Center Manager, Graña y Montero; LCI (Peru) Chapter President, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Mobile: +511 995951041, Phone: +511 2130444, jizquierdo@gym.cpm.pe AD - Industrial Engineer. Implementor, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444, mcerf@gym.com.pe AD - Civil Engineer. Investigations / Knowledge, Project Management Area, GyM, Av. Paseo de la República 4675, Lima, Peru. Phone +511 2130444, sgomez@gym.com.pe ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - This paper aims to show that a five-day workshop designed to train young Engineers based on a teaching method inspired on the Toyota production system, are both very effective and highly significant. It develops seven Basic Functions of production management based firmly on the Lean Principles. The goal of the Basic Management Functions Workshop (BMFW) is to build in participants abilities in production management, a predictive capacity while carrying out tasks, a balance of workload, the identification of constraints and productivity. The above mentioned development is supplemented by project management tools such as cost control, progress monitoring, Lookahead and constraints analysis, all framed within the processes of planning, scheduling, analysis and monitoring of constraints and contract management. The overall goal is to increase the growth of the organization through a strictly people-based approach. It allows a fast alignment of new employees in the company, since there is a strong commitment to individual growth and awareness of the principles of the Lean Construction System, with a strong emphasis on the Client, based on the principles of “maximizing value” and “minimizing waste”. Based on past experiences of the workshop as part of the learning process within the company, there is no doubting for the authors that it has been a complete success, and could even be the first step towards a breakthrough in construction-related teaching in Peru. KW - Lean KW - education KW - basic functions KW - Socratic method KW - feedback. PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1155/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1155 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER - TY - CONF TI - Employing the Principle of “Going and Seeing” to Construction C1 - Lima, Peru C3 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction PY - 2011 AU - Samudio, Mike AU - Alves, Thais da C.L. AU - Chambers, David AD - Senior Project Manager, Rudolph and Sletten, 10955 Vista Sorrento Parkway, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92130, U.S.A. Mike_Samudio@rsconst.com AD - Assistant Professor, J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program, Dept. of Civil, Constr., and Envir. Engrg., San Diego State University, talves@mail.sdsu.edu AD - Concrete General Foreman, Rudolph and Sletten, Dave_Chambers@rsconst.com ED - Rooke, John ED - Dave, Bhargav AB - The paper describes the team’s journey from learning about the main production problems to going and seeing in the field how to improve operations and plan reliability in a large laboratory project replacement in San Diego, CA. Analyzing root causes the team realized the two categories that reduced reliability were over-committing and revising the plan. The counter measures employed improved performance in these categories, which improved reliability of meeting scheduled commitments. However, unexpectedly cycle times for concrete wall pours increased. In order to solve the problem, the team employed the principle of “going and seeing” to gather relevant information to make informed decisions. The production line was observed for several hours a day, performance was measured, and barriers to flow were documented. The result of “going and seeing” brought the team closer to managing the project as a production line. The data collected provided insight to the contributing factors to production cycle times including wait time, inventory, and rework. Tools employed to track the data included value stream maps and employee feedback to inform project planning. This provided the necessary balance to complement the implementation of Last Planner on this hard bid federal project. KW - Go and see KW - Gemba KW - Last Planner System™ KW - value stream map KW - laboratory building PB - T2 - 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction DA - 2011/07/13 CY - Lima, Peru L1 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1156/pdf L2 - http://iglc.net/Papers/Details/1156 N1 - Export Date: 28 March 2024 DB - IGLC.net DP - IGLC LA - English ER -